基于超分辨率改进Faster R-CNN的点阵结构内部缺陷判识方法

利用增材制造技术制备金属三维点阵结构件过程中,结构内部经常会出黏连、断裂等多种细小缺陷,导致样件结构功能下降。根据缺陷结构与正常结构之间的特征区别,提出了一种针对金属点阵结构内部出现的细小缺陷自动判识的方法。利用X-射线微聚焦CT扫描金属点阵结构获得原始输入图片,在Faster R-CNN(Faster region-based convolutional neural networks)框架的基础上,改进原有特征提取网络,开发图像超分辨率重建模块。通过对工业CT图片的局部细节特征增强,实现了快速有效地识别细小缺陷的类型,以及缺陷位置信息的标注。试验证明,改进Faster R-CNN模型对金属点阵结构样件内部的两种典型细小缺陷识别的平均正确率高达93.5%。研究结果表明,通过超分辨率网络对图像进行放大,可以提高细小缺陷的特征提取,通过加深网络加强特征学习,从而实现了点阵结构内部细小缺陷的自动判识。     

基于计算机视觉的中药饮片分类技术综述与案例研究

中药饮片相似品、真伪、变质等方面的分类对临床中药应用有着至关重要的影响。传统的人工鉴别方法主观性强、误判率高,而基于计算机视觉的中药饮片分类具有快速、准确等特点,使饮片筛选智能化。首先,介绍了基于计算机视觉的中药识别算法的一般步骤,并分类综述了对中药图像的预处理、特征提取和识别模型的技术发展现状;然后,选取12类相似易混中药饮片分类作为案例研究。通过构建包含9 156张图片的中药饮片数据集,分析对比了传统识别算法和多种深度学习模型的识别性能差异;最后,对计算机视觉在中药饮片应用研究中存在的难点和未来发展趋势进行了总结和展望。     

镜头分割在H.264视频压缩编码及视频服务器中的应用

将镜头分割引入H.264编码端,改善其定比率分配帧类型策略,以针对视频内容特性提高编码效果,并提供压缩流的镜头句柄.提出结合时空切片的信息熵度量帧差、以动态阈值探测镜头边界指定为I帧,非边界帧为P或B帧优化编码,并补充闪光灯防误判算法.经验证动态阈值和熵度量法查全查准率比基本方法提高近18%和13%;结合编码psnr提高10%压缩率提高20%.镜头分割准确,有效提高编码性能,对压缩域视频分割和视频服务器也将产生重大意义.     

基于切片图像的血管三维重建方法

研究了基于血管切片投影图像的血管三维重建问题。通过对所给血管切片图像格式的转换 ,利用细化方法和轮廓边缘检测的 Kirsch算法 ,构建了切片图像的骨架 (中心线 )和轮廓线 ;提出了最小距离最大半径法 ,得到了切片图像最大内含圆的圆心和半径。对于球心坐标及其在 XY,YZ,ZX坐标面上投影的散点图 ,利用非均匀有理 B样条 ( NURBS)技术、三次样条插值方法对散点数据进行拟合 ,分别得到了三坐标面的投影图及空间中轴线的方程。进而建立圆柱螺线模型 ,利用最小二乘原理对散点数据再拟合 ,得到结果如下 :中轴线为圆柱螺线 ,半径为 30 ,在 3个坐标面 XY,YZ,ZX上的投影分别为 :半圆弧曲线、正弦曲线、余弦曲线 ,并给出了相应的算法。最后 ,利用得到血管的中轴线方程及半径 ,建立了血管的管状曲面模型 ,对血管进行了三维重建     

Acetylenic compounds in stored packaged carrots

Stored carrots vacuum packed in plastic shrink bags showed significant variations in the concentration of certain important secondary compounds. In the acetylene group, 18 compounds were isolated and measured. Only eight of these compounds have previously been reported as carrot constituents. The concentrations of 10 of the 18 increased with storage time, and six were present only in stored samples.     

Enhancement of pasta antioxidant activity with oregano and carrot leaf

Five different pasta formulations were prepared using different concentrations of carrot leaf meal (CLM) and oregano leaf meal (OLM). One control formulation (wheat flour and semolina, 70:30 w/w) and four other formulations were prepared using the following amounts of leaf meals: 5% CLM and 5% OLM (I), 10% CLM (II), 10% OLM (III), and 10% CLM, 10% OLM (IV). The highest content of alpha-linolenic acid was found in formulations II and IV, which also had a reduced n-6/n-3 ratio, 3.6 (IV), when compared to the control, which was 19.8. All the samples enhanced with leaf meals showed antioxidant activity by the DPPH radical method; however, it was higher in formulation IV, which was the same observed for phenolic compounds. Pasta added with leaf meals lost more solubles, had shorter cooking time and a lower weight increase than the control pasta. All formulations had significant sensory acceptance.     

KINETICS ON COLOR CHANGES DURING DRYING OF SOME FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

The effect of drying conditions on color changes of apple, banana, carrot and potato during conventional and vacuum drying was investigated. The Hunder color scale parameters redness, yellowness and lightness were used to estimate color changes during vacuum and conventional drying at 50, 70 and 90°C. Air humidity during conventional drying was regulated at 15, 30 and 40%. Air temperature and humidity affected redness and yellowness, but not lightness. A first order kinetic model was fitted to experimental data adequately for both redness and yellowness. The rate of color deterioration was found to increase as temperature increased and air humidity decreased, for both drying methods and all the examined materials.     

Effect of Pulsed Electric Field and Osmotic Dehydration Pretreatment on the Convective Drying of Carrot Tissue

The influence of pulsed electric field (PEF) and subsequent centrifugal osmotic dehydration (OD) on the convective drying behavior of carrot is investigated. The PEF was carried out at an intensity of E = 0.60 kV/cm and a treatment duration of t_PEF = 50 ms. The following centrifugal OD was performed in a sucrose solution of 65% (w/w) at 40°C for 0, 1, 2, or 4 h under 2400 × g. The drying was performed after the centrifugal OD for temperatures 40-60°C and at constant air rate (6 m³/h).

With the increase of OD duration the air drying time is reduced spectacularly. The dimensionless moisture ratio Xr = 0.1 is reached for PEF-untreated carrots after 370 min of air drying at 60°C in absence of centrifugal OD against 90 min of air drying after the 240 min of centrifugal OD. The PEF treatment reduces additionally the air drying time. The total time of dehydration operations can be shortened when OD time is optimized. For instance, the minimal time required to dehydrate untreated carrots until Xr = 0.1 is 260 min (120 min of OD at 40°C and 140 min of drying at 60°C). It is reduced to 230 min with PEF-treated carrots.

The moisture effective diffusivity D_eff is calculated for the convective air drying based on Fick's law. The centrifugal OD pretreatment increases drastically the value of D_eff. For instance, 4 h of centrifugal OD permitted increasing the value of D_eff from 0.93 · 10^-9 to 3.85 · 10^-9 m²/s for untreated carrots and from 1.17 · 10^-9 to 5.10 · 10^-9 m²/s for PEF-treated carrots.     

绝热橡胶蛇腹接头制作技术研究

介绍一种以水镁石纤维/NBR橡胶料片模压成型耐烧蚀性蛇腹接头之制作技术。研究结果显示,橡胶料片之排料方式为影响制作品质的关键性因素。耐烧蚀性蛇腹接头可应用于国防产业领域,例如固体火箭推进器之推力控制组件,而本技术亦可配合产业实际需求,衍生推广应用于一般民生工业领域。