省级精品课程《图形图像处理》的建设探索与体会

精品课程建设是一项复杂的系统工程,涉及到师资队伍建设、教学内容改革、教学方法改革、实验室建设、教材建设等若干方面。在建设省级精品课程的过程中,应结合课程特点和学校软硬件条件,采取应用信息化技术以加强精品课程配套网站建设、推进专业课程与职业资格证书制度的衔接等举措以求达到建设目标。     

Evaluation of dietary exposure to deoxynivalenol (DON) and its derivatives from cereals in China

Probabilistic estimation of dietary exposure to DON, including its acetylated derivatives, and type B trichothecenes from cereals and cereal-based products in Chinese populations was investigated in the current work. Different cut-offs as proposed Maximum levels (MLs) for DON in various raw cereals and/or cereal-based foods were assessed based on the risk assessment results. Occurrence data was documented from 31 provinces of China over the year 2010–2013. Food consumption data was obtained from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey conducted in 2002. Dietary exposure was implemented by Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and Bootstrap resampling. The exposure distributions were specified as percentiles with confidence intervals (95% CIs) and compared with the group provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) of 1 μg/kg bw/day and the group acute reference dose (ARfD) of 8 μg/kg bw/day for DON and its acetylated derivatives. Results indicate that 75% of children and 90% of the general population and the adults are under the group PMTDI value, while 99% of the three populations are under ARfD value. However, under the assumptions of the proposed cut-offs, the P99.9 percentiles would decrease significantly. The probabilistic assessment in this study indicated that high-end exposure to DON and its derivatives should be concerned, especially for children. Rigorous formulation of maximum limits for DON and its derivatives in the relevant foodstuffs combined with increased monitoring should be considered as an effective way to reduce risk.     

Neutral lipids in non‐starch lipid and starch lipid extracts from Portuguese sourdough bread

This research effort was aimed at assessing the changes in extractable neutral lipids (NL) throughout the baking process of Broa, a Portuguese traditional sourdough bread. NL were accordingly isolated, purified and quantitated – starting from non‐starch lipid (NSL) and starch lipid (SL) extracts of maize and rye flours, as well as fermented dough and bread. NSL accounted for the major fraction of extracted lipids; furthermore, the NSL/SL ratio evolved throughout processing in agreement with the phenomena prevailing during dough preparation, fermentation, and baking. An analytical method based on resolution by normal‐phase HPLC coupled with detection by evaporative light scattering was accordingly developed for quantitation of the aforementioned NL classes. Distinct NL classes correlated well with the stage of bread making. The main NL in NSL were triacylglycerols (ca. 75% of the total), but relatively high concentrations of sterol esters and diacylglycerols were also found. Conversely, free fatty acids were the dominant component of SL, whereas monoacylglycerols and free sterols were comparable to those in NSL.     

钛、铌对16%Cr超低碳氮铁素体不锈钢的再结晶和力学性能的影响研究

实验室研究了钛、铌对16%Cr超低碳氮铁素体不锈钢的高温塑性、再结晶温度以及冷轧板力学性能的影响。结果表明,变形温度和应变速率对变形抗力的影响十分显著,而不同含量的钛、铌对钢的变形抗力影响很小。当变形温度达到1 350℃时,三种成分钢的抗拉强度和塑性急剧下降。钛、铌的加入对钢板的完全再结晶温度有一定的影响,即加钛或加铌均延迟再结晶。不加钛、铌的钢在拉伸时有明显的屈服现象,且屈服强度较高,r值较低,而加钛或钛、铌复合加入的钢没有明显的屈服现象,r值较高均达1.50以上。     

精益生产哲理的应用探讨（上）

本文简要介绍了精益生产的目标和特征。它是在Ｆｏｒｄ汽车公司组织流水线大量生产的基础上所发展的新型制造技术及生产组织方式，开创出更为先进的产品质量、生产效率以及经济效益。上海大众发动机厂就是采用精益生产的哲理，从文中的１２个方面加以实现。本刊分两期全文转载这篇文章给读者。精益生产对于机电工业来说，就是要求提供能生产出零不良品、零故障和零误期的设备，即在设备的生产精度上稳定地达到产品技术条件上允差值的     

新型氧弹量热仪测定谷物的热值

利用Parr公司所推出的新型6300氧弹量热仪首次对常见的几种谷物进行热值测定。准确称取一定量的待测物质,装入经高温灼烧干净的坩埚内,放入氧弹中充入高压纯氧,将测试样品在氧弹中完全燃烧,通过微处理器以及测量软件对整个测量过程进行控制,从而得到谷物的燃烧热值。本法原理准确,易操作,方法可靠,可为人们的膳食结构调整和日常检测提供科学依据。     

“一带一路”与中国对外油气战略的调整（增刊）

“一带一路”战略必将引起区域经济结构包括国家能源战略的调整。现阶段逐步完成油气产业从中东地区向中亚油气中心的倾斜、转移和布局调整,逐步调整和实现“加强中亚、稳定中东、争夺非洲、开拓其它” 的中国油气对外合作战略,实现.3.5亿吨的海外份额油和采购油目标。加强在中亚等地区的陆路油气管网投入,推动能源装备制造及能源服务企业“走出去”与中亚诸国开展多层次、全产业链的深度合作。建设炼油化工基地,技术研发基地、装备制造基地;加强油气管网的互联互通建设,建立和完善中亚石油天然气交易中心,强化上合组织框架内的经贸合作、文化融合、司法认知等往来交流。     

预制-再制

文章集中探讨了二战以后也就是所谓"战后"时期的建筑设计与建造。涉及的不仅是实践层面的问题,同时也有伦理层面的思考。因为正是这段时期,由于大量房屋毁于战争,要给成千上万的居民提供住房。同一时期,建造材料稀少而紧缺,于是一种新的现实主义应运而生,并且在施工体系上也有所创建:不再是此前乌托邦时期现代建筑的"封闭"体系,而是一种被认为是"开放的"施工方式。这一时期的建筑师们也认同建筑设计应该自我调节以适应有限的资源与手段,当然,他们也使用了一定的技术措施尤其是那些新的技术,但并非不分场合的滥用。项目的急迫性往往要求对工业化制品或者构件进行变更,使得要对"预制"的东西进行"再制"。这一时期,人们允许更大的容差,接受偶发因素,以积极的眼光来看待"不完美";建筑的物质性层面变得非常重要,而再现性则必须后退;使用的材料都是那些唾手可得的,有时是工业化材料(钢),有时是传统材料(砖);另一改变是将那些仅起服务作用的东西暴露在外而不再遮蔽。以"粗野"一词,来表达这种直接的、裸露的、混合的、讲求实际的建造方式。文章研究了埃利森和彼得·史密森、柯布西耶、詹姆士·斯特林、亚历杭德罗·德-拉·索塔、希哥德·勒沃伦兹等建筑师,最后还研究了弗兰克·盖里——虽然他的作品显然不属于这一时期,但可以这一背景为基础来加以解读,就像今天的诸多先锋建筑一样。     

Resistance and recovery of river biofilms receiving short pulses of Triclosan and Diuron

The effects of the herbicide Diuron (DIU) and the bactericide Triclosan (TCS) were assessed on laboratory-grown stream biofilms. Four week-old biofilms were exposed in mesocosms to 48-hours of short pulses of either DIU or TCS. The direct and indirect effects of each toxicant on the biofilms, and the subsequent recovery of the biofilms, were evaluated according to structural and functional biomarkers. These parameters were analyzed immediately before exposure, immediately after exposure, and 9 and 16 days post-exposure. DIU caused an increase in diatom mortality (+ 79%), which persisted until the end of the experiment. TCS also affected diatom mortality (+ 41%), although the effect did not appear until 1 week post-exposure. TCS caused an increase in bacterial mortality (+ 45%); however, this parameter returned to normal values 1 week post-exposure. TCS compromised the cellular integrity of the green alga Spirogyra sp., whereas DIU did not. TCS also strongly inhibited phosphate uptake (− 71%), which did not return to normal values until 2 weeks post-exposure. DIU directly affected algae, but barely affected the heterotrophs, whereas TCS seriously impaired bacteria (direct effect) as well as autotrophs (indirect effect). However, the biofilms recovered their normal structure and function within only a few days to a few weeks. These findings demonstrate the capacity of biofilms to cope with periodic inputs of toxicants, but also the risks associated to repeated exposure or multi-contamination in aquatic ecosystems.     

增强现实游戏的场景重建和运动物体跟踪技术

针对增强现实游戏应用,介绍了一种基于自然特征的实时跟踪算法,它可以在一个未知但纹理丰富的环境中,不需要任何预先的学习,对相机和若干出现在相机视野里的刚体进行并行跟踪,获得相机和各个刚体的姿态和运动信息,可以在刚体移出相机视野以及相机剧烈运动导致跟踪丢失的情况下进行自动恢复。基于静态环境中并行相机跟踪和三维重建的算法框架进行扩展和改进,引入了用于交互的运动刚体。结果表明,利用现有的多核处理技术,在含有运动物体的环境中进行相机和运动物体的并行跟踪是可行的,为增强现实环境中同时支持显示和交互提出了廉价易行的解决方案。