Correction of secondary ion mass spectrometry profiles for atom diffusion measurements

A simple method is proposed in order to correct experimental secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) profiles. This method uses only one parameter which is experimentally accessible. It is tested in the case of As SIMS profiles in Si(001) acquired with three different primary ion beam energies: 1, 3, and 9 keV. This method is shown to give consistent corrections. The correction of SIMS profiles measured in a same sample with different analysis conditions leads to the same As distribution.     

Transient solid-state production of nanostructured CuS flowers

CuS (hcp) with different morphologies was produced using a transient solid-state reaction by the direct flow of electricity through solids, containing 1:1 molar ratio of Cu:S powders, in a high vacuum system for different lengths of time. X-ray diffraction (XRD), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and scanning and transmission electron microscopies (SEM and TEM) specified that the products were nanostructured CuS flowers, and nanostructured CuS composing of nanoparticles with different orientations, controlled by the length of time. Raman vibrations were detected at 474.5 cm^− 1, and photoluminescent (PL) emissions at 347.5 nm. Both the XRD and SAED patterns are in accordance with those obtained by the corresponding simulations.     

The role of particle size distribution of suspended solids in defining the flow properties of milk chocolate

The flow characteristics of molten milk chocolate, like most dense suspensions, are a function of the maximum packing fraction ((_m) of the suspended solids. Milk chocolates were prepared from mixtures of two relatively narrow coarse (d_4,3 = 17 μm) and fine (d₄,₃ = 8.5 μm) size distributions of non‐fat solids to contain 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the coarse component. Solids bed density (a measure of maximum packing fraction) correlated with the apparent viscosity of milk chocolates (r = ‐0.98). The highest value for solids bed density and lowest value for apparent viscosity were measured for size distributions with 75% of solids from the coarse fraction. Casson yield value correlated with d_4,3 (r = ‐0.98) and specific surface area (r = 0.93). The maximum packing fraction of binary mixtures of two distinct sizes of non‐fat chocolate solids attained a maximum value for a specific volume ratio of the components. The maximum in _m corresponded with the minimum viscosity in molten chocolate at a given solids volume concentration.     

A modified scratch test for the mechanical characterization of scratch resistance and adhesion of thin hard coatings on soft substrates

The scratch resistance of coatings and the adhesion between coating and substrate are usually determined in model experiments performed with sharp diamond indenters. These common methods as described for example in EN 1071-3 often fail for the combination of hard coatings on soft substrates due to very small critical loads or no detectable failure modes at all. Hence in the industry a lot of highly subjective and provisional test methods are used. On the one hand, quantitative comparability is difficult with common methods since defects already occur at very small loads for ductile and relative soft substrate materials like plastics. On the other hand, wear of the indenter in contact with hard coatings like pure diamond coatings requires its cost-intensive replacement.In this article a macroscopic tribological–mechanical test method is suggested which uses balls of hardened steel as indenters. A wide scope can be applied for both soft and hard coatings and different substrate materials. By variation of the ball-diameter, the normal contact force and the sliding speed different levels of stress and wear can be induced to analyze the tribological and mechanical behavior between body and counterpart as well as the interface of coating and substrate. To determine scratch resistance close to reality as usual scratch conditions on consumer products are better represented by a small ball than a sharp diamond indenter. Another benefit of the presented test method is the cost saving acquisition of the balls for indentation in very high quality as they are standard parts in the ball bearing industry. For every test on very hard coatings a new ball can be used with the possibility to detect the wear both on the base object and the counterpart. The occurring failure modes of coating and substrate also can be compared with comparatively easy numerical models to verify the results. Additionally to the test concept, first results of different coatings will be presented in this paper and compared with the results of common scratch tests.     

Efects of Washing and Drying on Crystal Structure and Pore Size Distribution（PSD） of Zn4O13C24H12 Framework（IRMOF-1）

In this study,the efects of various methods of washing and drying of MOF-5 nanocrystals on structure formation were investigated.Eight samples of MOF-5 were synthesized under diferent conditions.TGA,XRD and PSD analysis were applied to characterize of the samples.The methods of washing and drying were found to be important in determining the final structure of MOF-5s.MOF-5 with high BET surface area can be obtained by choosing a suitable method of washing and drying.According to the results obtained in this work,it was found that vacuum drying at 425℃ is sufcient to dissolve the MOF-5-DMF.Similar results were obtained by washing method(with℃H2Cl2and℃HCl3),when compared with vacuum drying at 425℃ according to XRD test.The pore size distribution of samples 1-5 and 8 were calculated by SHN1 method and results showed that the samples in which solvent vacuum was DMF,have lower pore volume,uniform pore size distribution and the pore size are smaller than samples 3,4 and 8.It was also found that activated MOF-5can be converted to its deactivated form prior to drying of the samples.     

丝素蛋白纤维的接枝聚合——Ⅳ.几种烯类染料单体的合成与结构表征

采用酰化法成功地合成了几种染料单体:2—羟基—4—丙烯酰氧二苯酮(HAOBP),1—羟基—2—丙烯酰氧蔥(西昆)(HAOAQ)和1,5,8—三羟基—2—丙烯酰氧蔥(西昆)(THAOAQ),并用元素分析法、红外光谱法和高分辨H~1NMR 谱对其结构进行了详细研究和表征。     

Characterization procedure for adsorption of DOC (Dissolved Organic Carbon) from synthetic wastewater

A characterization method to evaluate the composition of background organic matters in terms of adsorbability was presented and applied to synthetic and domestic wastewater. The binomial distribution of DOC (Dissolved Organic Carbon) fraction in relation of a characterizing variable, the Freundlich coefficient, k, was proposed to describe the initial composition of wastewater by a finite number of pseudospecies. This method was tested for removal of DOC by using granular and powdered activated carbons. These experiments enable us to get information on the distribution function of species in the solution. From the results obtained in this work, kinetic experimental data were predicted on the assumption that the diffusion coefficients were unchanged during the experiments. It was confirmed to be effective in determining the initial composition and describing the equilibria of the DOC. From the experiments, it was found that this synthetic solution has a sigmoid type isotherm on activated carbons. This implies that there are two different adsorption regions in a system, favourable and unfavourable cases, depending on the solution concentration. This unfamiliar problem can be solved by using a characterization method based on IAST-Freundlich model.     

洁净硅片在真空中加热时表面状态的XPS谱研究

用X射线电子谱（XPS）评价了由改进的RCA方法清洗，又经HF处理的洁净（111）硅片在高真空和超高真空中加低热时的表面状态。实验表时，清洗后的硅片表面沾污中的氧（O）比较少而碳（C）相对多一些，同时存在微量的氟（F）。如果清洗工艺操作得当，可望获得较干净的衬底表面。洁净的硅片在8×10-6Pa的真空中存放12h后，表面吸附的C比O增加得更快。给出了在高低真空中硅片加低热前后表面状态的变化情况，并实时检测在超高真空中加低热时表面状态的XPS谱，同时对实验结果给予分析、讨论。     

钯—硫醚及■叶立德配合物的合成和表征

氯化-3,3-二氟-2-丙烯基二甲基锍及溴化乙氧甲酰甲基二甲基锍分别与钯的卤化物反应,生成双(3,3-二氯-2-丙烯基二甲基锍)四氯钯(Ⅱ)和双(乙氧甲酰甲基二甲基锍)六溴二钯(Ⅱ)。进一步反应转变为配合物。二氯双(3,3-二氟-2-丙烯基甲基硫醚)合钯(Ⅱ)和二溴双(二甲基乙氧甲酰甲基■叶立德)合钯(Ⅱ)。开通过元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振谱等测试结果确定了它们的结构。