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41.
42.
The pyrolysis of tertiarybutylphosphine (TBP) has been studied in the low pressure conditions used for chemical beam epitaxy
(CBE). The pyrolysis studies were carried out in low pressure reactors of two different configurations, one of which is a
cracker cell designed for use in a CBE system. The reaction products were studied using a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The
products observed are accounted for by a reaction mechanism involving homolysis of the parent TBP molecule to produce PH2 and C4H9 radicals. These undergo subsequent reactions to form the stable products C4H8, PH3 and H2, with smaller amounts of P and P2 being produced. The production of the sub-hydride PH2 using this cracker cell design indicates that the use of partially cracked TBP may be a promising technique for reducing
the amount of carbon incorporated into the growing epitaxial layer. 相似文献
43.
扫描电子显微研究表明,化学汽相沉积的金刚石薄膜中晶粒大小比较均匀。但随着沉积时间和薄膜厚度的增加,晶粒逐渐变大,且每一层内,存在少量的大金刚石颗粒,讨论了晶粒尺寸变化和大晶粒形成的原因和机制。 相似文献
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46.
Thermodynamic analysis of solar photovoltaic cell systems 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ahmet Duran Sahin Ibrahim Dincer Marc A. Rosen 《Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells》2007,91(2-3):153-159
The thermodynamic characteristics of solar photovoltaic (PV) cells are investigated from a perspective based on exergy. A new efficiency is developed that is useful in studying PV performance and possible improvements. Exergy analysis is applied to a PV system and its components, and exergy flows, losses and efficiencies are evaluated. Energy efficiency is seen to vary between 7% and 12% during the day. In contrast, exergy efficiencies, which incorporate the second law of thermodynamics and account for solar irradiation exergy values, are lower for electricity generation using the considered PV system, ranging from 2% to 8%. Values of “fill factors” are determined for the system and observed to be similar to values of exergy efficiency. 相似文献
47.
对云母粒子化学镀镍及以LDPE为基材,镀镍云母粒子为填料制备的导电复合材料进行研究。认为此种导电复合材料只有质量轻、强度大及良好的导电等性能。 相似文献
48.
甄汉生 《真空科学与技术学报》1993,(2)
微波电子回旋共振等离子体是淀积薄膜、微细加工和材料表面改性的一种重要手段。由于这种等离子体电离水平高,化学活性好,可以用来实现基片上薄膜的室温化学气相淀积和反应离子刻蚀,因此对于微电子学、光电子学和薄膜传感器件的发展,这种等离子体会具有重要的意义。此外,采用微波电子回旋共振等离子体原理,没有灯丝的离子源可以提高离子源的使用寿命,可以增加离子束的束流密度。可以确信,微波电子回旋共振等离子体的发展,将把离子源技术提高到一个新的水平。显然,这必将对材料表面改性工艺,包括离子注入掺杂等工艺的发展发挥作用。自从1985年以来,为了得到大容积等离子体而发展了微波电子回旋共振多磁极等离子体,这些技术在薄膜技术、微细加工以及材料表面改性中的应用前景是乐观的。我们将在本文中,介绍微波电子回旋共振等离子体的原理及其应用。 相似文献
49.
Birthe Mller Jose Luis Molina‐Cano Lars Munck 《Journal of the Institute of Brewing》2002,108(3):294-302
In earlier studies concerning vigour, where subsamples are heat‐treated before germination there was found heat‐sensitive as well as heat‐resistant barley samples. The vigour model developed by Ellis and Roberts and further developed at Carlsberg, could only describe the heat‐sensitive barleys. Seventeen samples of the “Alexis” variety grown widely in Europe were collected from the EBC trials in 1994 in order to see if heat resistance in barley was influenced by different growing conditions. We found both heat‐sensitive samples following the vigour model as well as pronounced heat‐resistant samples, but these were not divided according to growing conditions. The germination curves dependent on heat treatment and germination time were evaluated by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Heat‐resistant barley samples could be differentiated from heat‐sensitive samples already after ½ h of heat treatment at 68°C (12% moisture) and after 3 days of germination. The barley samples were analysed with regard to malting quality. The PCA evaluation of the data divided the samples according to growing location, mainly due to differences in protein and β‐glucan. However, the malting analyses could not describe the differences in heat resistance and sensitivity of the barleys. The biochemical background of the heat resistance found is discussed on the basis of literature. Our findings should give an experimental basis for exploiting a biochemical principle for heat resistance, which is formed during grain filling and consumed during storage and germination. 相似文献
50.
The existing geochemical diversity of clay deposits consists the underlying assumption for the determination of provenance of archaeological ceramics on the basis of their chemical composition. This assumption was tested on Quarternary red clayey alluviums from Central and Eastern Crete (Greece), an area rich in archaeological pottery and very popular for ceramics provenance studies. This type of clay has been used for pottery production on the island since the antiquity and it is still in use by traditional workshops. Altogether, 17 samples of clayey raw materials were collected from 7 different locations in Central and Eastern Crete, and characterised by chemistry, mineralogy and petrography. The study was focussed on the internal variability within deposits and the diversity among different deposits.It was possible to distinguish all seven deposits from each other on the basis of their chemical composition, taking into account the available mineralogical and petrographical information, although some deposits presented compositional relations. Compared to Neogene clay deposits in the same area, the variability among the examined red clayey deposits was clearly higher and exceeded by far the intra-deposit variability. 相似文献