A base62 transformation format of ISO 10646 for multilingual identifiers

ISO 10646 Universal Character Set (UCS) is a 31‐bit coding architecture that covers symbols in most of the world's written languages. Identifiers in programming languages are usually defined by using alphanumeric characters of ASCII, which represent mainly English words. An approach for working around this deficiency is to encode multilingual identifiers into the alphanumeric range of ASCII. For case‐sensitive languages, an encoding that utilizes [0–9][A–Z][a–z] can be more space‐efficient for multilingual identifiers. This paper proposes a base62 transformation format of ISO 10646 called UTF‐62. The resulting string of UTF‐62 is within a [0–9][A–Z][a–z] range, a total of 62 base characters. UTF‐62 also preserves the lexicographic sorting order of UCS‐4. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

FLASK-SG: A program to compute chemical equilibria in metamorphic petrology

Chemical equilibrium calculation program for metamorphic petrology, FLASK-SG, was written for Unix variants (Linux, IRIX, Tru64 UNIX). It is also ported to Windows 95/98. The user specifies a temperature, pressure, and substance amounts (in moles of any chemical formula in C–H–O–Si–Al–Ti–Fe–Mn–Mg–Ca–Na–K system) to this program, then it calculates the stable mineral assemblage, mineral amounts, and gas composition under the given conditions using Gibbs free energy minimization method with the Holland and Powell (1990) data set. Searching algorithm for the stable mineral assemblage is the Metropolis Monte Carlo method. The coding language is C++, and experimental object oriented programming style is adopted to make the main program part as a class library. Model-dependent functions such as fugacity coefficients and activities are implemented as virtual methods of the “systems” class, so they can be easily changed as methods of inherited class from the “systems” class. These characteristics are aimed for a future “simulation kit”.     

Comparison of functional performance of a soldier in full chemical and biological protection versus battle dress

The comparison of functional performance between a soldier wearing a chemical and biological (CB) protective equipment and an ordinary battle dress (BD) was conducted at Protechnik's facilities and Jozini–South Africa. The basis of the comparison was that CB protective equipment causes compatibility problems such as mobility and clearance, and that these factors would affect the soldier when performing various activities. Sixteen obstacle courses were erected to simulate a range of functions normally performed by an infantry soldier. Time taken by each soldier to complete a variety of motions and obstacle clearance activities was recorded. It was found that the CB protective equipment interfered with the soldier's performance. The soldier's movements were observed to be restricted and abnormal. The time taken to complete similar activities was longer when wearing the CB protective equipment than ordinary BD.

Relevance to industry

To determine the effect of protective equipment on functional performance.     

Calculating soil nutrient balances in Africa at different scales

Nutrient balances were calculated for the arable soils of 38 sub-Saharan African countries. FAO production figures and forecasts for 35 crops for the period 1982–1984 and for 2000 were used to define land use systems, further characterized by fertility input through fertilizers, manure, rain and dust, biological N-fixation, and sedimentation, and fertility output through harvest of crops and removal of residues, leaching, denitrification, and erosion. The summarized output of the study is the sum of inputs minus the sum of outputs of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the root zone. The alarming annual average nutrient loss for sub-Saharan Africa was 22 kg N, 2.5 kg P, and 15 kg K in 1982–84, and will be 26 kg N, 3 kg P, and 19 kg K in 2000. As the soil nutrient pool has to offset the negative balances each year, there is gross nutrient mining in sub-Saharan Africa. The need for integrated systems of nutrient management is emphasized, manipulating all inputs and outputs in a judicious way. Future scenarios of continued mining and conservation of soil fertility are discussed.     

经济系统机理及其对系统效益影响分析

依据马克思主义的生产力理论和邓小平同志关于“科学技术是第一生产力”的论述,指出了经济系统的机理及其动力学性质。并在此基础上提出了经济系统生产力和生产力做功的模型及生产力产出效率模型,且与此同时在经济理论上得出: (1)生产力要素所具有的生产力大小等于它在实际产出上的生产力与克服生产关系反作用的生产力之和; (2)投入生产系统的全部生产力做功等于其实际产出做功与克服生产关系反作用做的无用功之和; (3)生产力效率,以及相对生产力效率的概念。作者认为,这些结果对正确认识和分析我国经济发展中存在和出现的一些重大问题可能具有一定的指导意义。     

Avoidance of bird repellents by mice (Mus musculus)

It is believed that mammalian chemosensory irritants are not aversive to birds and vice versa. Nevertheless, few avian repellents have been tested against mammals. For that reason, we evaluated the efficacy of 1.0% w/v methyl anthranilate, orthoaminoacetophenone, 2-amino-4,5-methoxyacetophenone, 2-methoxyacetophenone, and veratryl amine as mouse repellents in 3-hr no-choice drinking tests. Relative to ingestion of plain water, all test substances significantly reduced (P < 0.05) intake. Orthoaminoaceto-phenone was the most effective repellent, with intake reduced to levels statistically indistinguishable from zero.     

New oxide phosphors for FEDs: Ruddlesden—Popper phases synthesized with IIIB‐group elements

Abstract— A red‐emitting phosphor, SrTiO³:Pr³⁺, for low‐voltage‐type FEDs and VFDs was developed by Futaba Corporation in 1996. The addition of Al or Ga is essential in the preparation of this phosphor because it improves the luminescence efficiency dramatically. For this impurity effect, Futaba Corporation proposed a charge‐compensation mechanism, which was supported by a recent observation of emission lines due to Al³⁺‐Pr³⁺ pairs. In addition, it was found that Al also works as a scavenger of planar defects, presumably SrO thin layers interleaved in the SrTiO³ lattice, by forming strontium aluminates. The latter mechanism suggests the possibility that a similar impurity effect can be found in materials with crystal structures, including alkaline‐earth oxide layers (Ruddlesden‐Popper phases).     

磷矿加工中副产氟硅酸及其盐的综合利用

介绍了氟硅酸及其盐的国内外综合利用概况,综述了由氟硅酸及其盐制备氟化氢和氟化工产品的生产方法与应用,探讨了氟硅酸及其盐的综合利用。     

304光亮不锈钢着色工艺研究

报道了在铬酸－硫酸着色液中加入适当的添加剂，对３０４光亮不锈钢进行了化学着色试验，测量了着色过程中的电位－时间曲线，确定了４种颜色的电位差值，还探讨了着色膜的硬化处理和封闭处理工艺。