矮地茶、葡萄籽、香菊提取物在卷烟中的应用

为减少烟气自由基对吸烟者健康的危害,用矮地茶、葡萄籽、香菊复合提取物进行了降低卷烟烟气自由基试验.结果表明:添加5-10 mg/kg矮地茶提取物、葡萄籽提取物和神农香菊提取物的卷烟烟气气相自由基分别降低16.31%～19.73%,20.19%～23.73%和1 1.56%～14.85%;添加10 mg/kg 1:1:1...     

卷烟批发环节纳税问题教学探讨

卷烟消费税是教学中的重点和难点,自2009年5月1日开始执行卷烟批发环节加征一道从价税,卷烟批发环节纳税成为了教学的难点。本文对卷烟纳税教学内容进行设计,加强学生对此政策的深入理解。     

烟包BOPP抗粘连剂开发与性能研究

用新开发的抗粘连母料进行小试,研究了抗粘连母料所生产的双向拉伸聚丙烯(BOPP)条包烟抗粘力、摩擦因数和光学性能等。研究表明:与进口母料相近的粘连力,并且在光学性能方面有一定优势,但是薄膜的摩擦因数偏大,需进一步深入研究。     

Real-Time Monitoring of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Cigarette Smoke Using Time-Resolved Laser-Induced Fluorescence

Cigarette smoke contains a large number of chemicals and gaseous compounds including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Due to the importance of PAHs and their health effects in cigarettes, development of systems to analyze PAHs in cigarette smoke may become useful in developing a less harmful product. However, the complexity of cigarette smoke chemistry remains a significant obstacle in its analysis: many cigarette smoke components are produced due to reactions such as decomposition and recombination of cigarette components during the smoking process. Methods to analyze these reactions in real-time are needed. In this article the authors report direct monitoring of pyrene in mainstream smoke using time-gated laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) based on fiber optics. The time-gated detection system could provide a reduced background signal of mainstream smoke when using optimized gate delay and gate width parameters. The results demonstrate the feasibility of direct monitoring of PAHs in mainstream smoke.     

热管型船用吸附制冰机的设计

A heat pipe type adsorption ice maker with two adsorbers for fishing boats is designed by using ammonia as refrigerant and compound of activated carbon-CaCl2 as adsorbent. This type of heat pipe adsorber can solve the problem of incompatibility between ammonia, copper, seawater and steel. The working process of the ice maker with 8.7kg adsorbent per bed is simulated. The results show that the optimal semi-cycle time is about 9 min at the evaporating temperature of -15℃, where the corresponding cooling power, specific cooling power per kilogram adsorbent SCP and coefficient of refrigerant performance COP are respectively 3.6kW, 217W·kg-1 and 0.404.     

Effect of cigarette smoking on the bond strength between resin cement and dental CAD/CAM ceramics

Although the effects of cigarette smoking on several dental problems have been widely studied, the association between tobacco exposure and resin-ceramic bonding is rarely reported. This study investigated the resin-ceramic adhesion (shear bond strength, SBS) and associated risk factors on three selected dental CAD/CAM ceramics using a novel model to simulate the exposure to cigarette smoking. Specimens from IPS e.max® CAD, Vitabloc® Mark II for Cerec and Zirconia Cercon were prepared and treated using silicacoating and silane. A layer of resin cement was applied on the treated ceramic surfaces and light activated. Specimens were placed in a chamber and challenged with various numbers of cigarettes (0, 1, 5, 10, and 15). Then, the specimens were subjected to SBS test and fractured surfaces were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) to determine the failure mode and surface composition. Overall, the mean SBS of IPS e.max^® CAD (9.6 ± 3.4 MPa), Vitabloc^® Mark II for Cerec (9.3 ± 2.5 MPa) and Zirconia Cercon (8.7 ± 3.0 MPa) did not show any statistical significant difference (p = 0.192 > 0.05), such that the adhesion of resin bonded to glass-based ceramics (IPS e.max® CAD and Vitabloc® Mark II for Cerec) decreased with cigarette smoke exposure, but increased for the resin bonded to zirconia ceramic (Zirconia Cercon). Furthermore, the number of cigarettes has a statistically significant effect on the SBS (p = 0.001), such that in general 5 cigarettes yielded the lowest mean SBS (7.6 ± 2.1 MPa). SEM-EDX analyses showed mostly adhesive failures in all experimental groups with changes in surface morphology and chemical composition after smoking challenge. Cigarette smoking produces a different effect on resin-ceramic bonding depending on ceramic type that may be due to chemical reactions in the bonding interface and changes in temperature and moisture. Further work should explore the mechanism to which cigarette smoke affects the resin-ceramic bonding and its clinical relevance.     

YF17A卷烟储存输送装置EtherCAT网络系统的分析与改进

针对YF17A 型卷烟存储输送器运行过程中EtherCAT 网络故障频发的问题,文中分析了EtherCAT 网络的结构,改进了YF17A 卷烟存储输送器的EtherCAT 网络系统。通过在TwinCAT System Manager 软件中重新组态Ether-CAT 网络系统的硬件,在原EtherCAT 网络硬件的基础上增加带E-BUS 通信功能的BECKHOFF EL9410 电源模块,EtherCAT 网络供电得到了极大的改善。应用效果表明,改进后的EtherCAT 网络解决了因模块供电不足而导致的I/O模块通信故障、E-BUS 通信故障、伺服驱动器通信故障等问题。     

基于服务设计理念的创客办公空间设计研究

目的研究创客办公空间系统的特点,探索现代办公空间的设计思路,打造符合\"绿色、共享、高效、环保\"理念的创客办公空间。方法运用服务设计的理念和策略,以创客用户为先,追踪所有参与人员的行为过程,提炼涉及所有机会点。分别以业务空间、展示空间、共享空间、私人空间为触点进行设计实践,致力于打造完美的用户体验。结论服务设计中对用户行为和过程的研究能够有效把握创客空间的现实痛点和潜在需求,为现代城市办公空间的设计方向提供参考。