海金沙黄酮体外抗氧化活性研究

目的:研究海金沙黄酮(Flavones from Lygodiu mjaponicum,FLJ)的制备与体外抗氧化活性。方法:通过回流法萃取和大孔吸附树脂纯化,得到纯化的FLJ。以VC、BHT、芦丁和槲皮素为阳性对照,对羟基自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、烷基自由基的清除率以及抑制油脂过氧化的能力进行研究。结果:FLJ对上述自由基均有一定的清除作用,对羟基自由基、超氧阴离子自由基清除能力弱于VC、芦丁和槲皮素;对油脂抗氧化作用强于BHT和VC。浓度为1.04mg/mL的FLJ和VC对烷基自由基的清除能力相当。FLJ的添加量在实验范围内与其抗氧化活性呈正相关。结论:FLJ具有明显的体外抗氧化活性。     

超声协同双水相体系提取路边青总多酚工艺

采用超声协同乙醇-铵盐双水相体系提取路边青总多酚,通过单因素和正交试验考查料液比、乙醇初始体积与水初始体积比、提取温度和提取时间对总多酚提取率的影响。结果表明：最佳工艺为料液比1:20(g/mL)、乙醇初始体积与水初始体积比0.8、硫酸铵质量浓度0.27g/mL、提取温度60℃、超声提取时间60min,总多酚提取率为3.04%。本法是一种提取效率高,时间短,能耗低,不影响提取物活性的新工艺。     

基于磁性纳米颗粒的化学发光酶免疫分析用于日本血吸虫抗体的检测

该文提出了一种高灵敏的基于磁性纳米颗粒的化学发光酶免疫分析方法用于感染兔血清中日本血吸虫抗体的检测.日本血吸虫抗原通过N-(3-二甲基氨丙基)-N-乙基碳二亚胺盐(EDC)和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)固定在磁性纳米颗粒的表面,选择性地结合与富集血清中的日本血吸虫抗体,然后与辣根过氧化物酶标记的羊抗兔二抗夹心进行免疫分析.对免疫反应的实验条件如日本血吸虫抗原在磁性纳米颗粒表面的标记浓度,磁性纳米颗粒的用量,抗原与待测抗体的反应时间及辣根过氧化物酶标记二抗的浓度进行了优化.发光强度与感染兔血清的稀释比在1:10000～1:100的范围内成良好的线性关系,检测下限为1:13442.     

日本血吸虫新型疫苗的研究进展

日本血吸虫病是一种严重危害人类及家畜健康的人兽共患寄生虫病,研制疫苗是防治血吸虫感染的有效措施。传统疫苗因成本高、免疫原性低及存在安全隐患,使其应用受到限制,开发新型疫苗成为必然趋势。随着免疫学和分子生物学的快速发展,近年来出现了各种新型疫苗。本文就基因工程亚单位疫苗、合成肽疫苗、核酸疫苗、重组活载体疫苗和抗独特型抗体疫苗的研究进展、各新型疫苗的优缺点及应用前景作一综述。     

Flavonoid and Phenolic Acids Content and In Vitro Study of the Potential Anti-Aging Properties of Eutrema japonicum (Miq.) Koidz Cultivated in Wasabi Farm Poland

Skin aging is a natural, unavoidable, and complex process caused by oxidative stress. As a consequence, it leads to an increase in the activation of extracellular matrix disruption enzymes and DNA damage. The search for natural sources that inhibit these mechanisms can be a good approach to prevent skin aging. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the composition of flavonoids and phenolic acids in the extracts obtained from the flowers, roots, and leaves of Eutrema japonicum cultivated in Poland. Then, the resultant extracts were subjected to an assessment of antioxidant, anti-collagenase, anti-elastase, anti-hyaluronidase, antibacterial, and cytotoxic properties. It was demonstrated that the extract from the flowers had the highest content of flavonoid glycosides (17.15 mg/g DE). This extract showed the greatest antioxidant, anti-collagenase, anti-elastase, and anti-hyaluronidase activities compared to the other samples. Importantly, the collagenase inhibitory activity of this extract (93.34% ± 0.77%) was better than that of positive control epigallocatechin gallate (88.49% ± 0.45%). An undeniable advantage of this extract was also to possess moderate antibacterial properties and no cytotoxicity towards normal human skin fibroblasts. Our results suggest that extracts from E. japonicum flowers may be considered as a promising antiaging compound for applications in cosmetic formulations.     

Antennal Responses to Floral Scents in the Butterfly Heliconius melpomene

Floral scent, together with visual floral cues, are important signals to adult butterflies searching for food-rewarding plants. To identify which compounds in a floral scent are more attractive and, thus, of biological importance to foraging butterflies, we applied electrophysiological methods. Antennal responses of male and female adults of the tropical butterfly Heliconius melpomene L. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae) to individual compounds of natural floral scents and synthetic floral scent mixtures were investigated using gas chromatography–electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD). The natural floral scents included those of two tropical plant species, Lantana camaraL. (Verbenaceae) and Warszewiczia coccinea (Vahl) Kl. (Rubiaceae), and two temperate species, Buddleja davidii Franchet (Loganiaceae) and Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. (Asteraceae). The two synthetic floral scent mixtures contained many of the compounds found in the natural scents, but all in equal quantities. Compounds both present in relatively high abundance in the floral scents and detected exclusively in the floral parts of the plant, such as linalool, linalool oxide (furanoid) I and II, oxoisophoroneoxide, and phenylacetaldehyde, elicited the strongest antennal responses, suggesting that they may reflect adaptations by the plant to attract butterfly pollinators. However, other compounds also present in high abundance in the floral scent, but detected in the vegetative as well as floral plant parts, either elicited strong antennal responses, such as trans--ocimene and benzaldehyde, or failed to elicit antennal responses, such as the sesquiterpenes -caryophyllene and -humulene from L. camara. The most volatile monoterpene alkenes in the synthetic scent mixtures elicited only low or no responses. Furthermore, the overall antennal responses were stronger in females than in males. The findings suggest that several floral scent volatiles, especially those of exclusively floral origin, are of high biological significance to H. melpomene butterflies. These include compounds of different biosynthetic origins belonging to the benzenoids, monoterpenoids, and irregular terpenoids.     

Isolation and Purification of Isoquercitrin and Quercitrin from sf Hypericum Japonicum Thunb.ex Murray by Counter-Current Chromatography

Isoquercitrin and quercitrin were successfully isolated and purified from Hypericum japonicum Thunb.ex Murray by counter-current chromatography with a solvent system of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (1:7:1:7, v/v/v/v) in one step. From 100 mg of the extract of Hypericum japonicum Thunb.ex Murray, 9.8 mg of isoquercitrin and 12 mg of quercitrin were obtained with the purities of 95.9% and 99.1%, respectively, as determined by HPLC. Their structures were identified by UV, MS, and NMR analysis. In this study, a rapid method for isolation and purification of the two major compounds from Hypericum japonicum Thunb.ex Murray crude extract was established.     

模拟自然条件下湖沼型和山区型钉螺存活率及其血吸虫易感性研究

目的对比江西星子地域株湖沼型肋壳钉螺、江西玉山地域株山区型肋壳钉螺和四川彭山地域株山区型光壳钉螺在模拟江西省星子县野外自然条件下放养4个月的存活率及其对同种血吸虫的易感性差异。方法野外采集江西省星子地域株湖沼型肋壳钉螺、玉山地域株山区型肋壳钉螺和四川省彭山地域株山区型光壳钉螺,采用逸蚴法筛选出阴、阳性钉螺,用星子地域株阳性钉螺感染家兔,45 d后取家兔肝脏并获得毛蚴,在26～30℃室温和日光灯的照射下,以毛蚴数量与钉螺数量20∶1进行人工感染。感染后,将钉螺置于江西省星子县血吸虫病防治站进行室外模拟现场饲养,4个月后回收钉螺,对比存活率,并采用逸蚴法对比其感染率。结果江西玉山山区型、四川彭山山区型钉螺均能在江西省星子县模拟自然条件下存活,但其存活率较江西星子湖沼型钉螺显著降低（P〈0.001）;江西星子湖沼型钉螺和江西玉山山区型钉螺易感染江西星子地区血吸虫毛蚴,且前者的感染率明显高于后者（P〈0.001）,四川彭山山区型钉螺不易感染该血吸虫毛蚴。结论山区型钉螺可以在湖沼地区存活,其存活率与湖沼型钉螺不同;湖沼型钉螺和山区型钉螺对同种血吸虫的易感性不同。     

中药材海金沙的红外光谱鉴别

建立了一种新的中药材海金沙分析鉴定的方法。以甲醇、氯仿、石油醚为提取溶剂，提取中药材海金沙得到海金沙不同溶剂提取物，采用红外光谱（FT-IR）图谱鉴别法对提取物进行实验。分析、比较所得的图谱，获得了不同溶剂海金沙提取物的红外光谱相关峰，峰位独特而稳定，样品与标本的相似性好。结果表明，红外光谱法鉴别简单、准确，可用于中药材海金沙的分析鉴别。     

日本血吸虫亮氨酸氨基肽酶的原核表达及纯化

目的原核表达并纯化日本血吸虫亮氨酸氨基肽酶(Leucine aminopeptidase of Schistosoma japonicum,SjLAP)。方法从日本血吸虫成虫中RT-PCR扩增LAP基因,克隆至原核表达载体pET-28a中,转化感受态E.coli BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达,表达的重组SjLAP蛋白(rSjLAP)经SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析后,经His Binding Purification Kit层析纯化,纯化的rSjLAP蛋白经SDS-PAGE分析纯度,Bradford法测定浓度。结果克隆的SjLAP基因与GenBank中登录的基因序列比较有2个碱基发生置换,导致对应的2个氨基酸发生置换,但均不在关键区域;重组表达质粒pET-28a/SjLAP经双酶切鉴定证实构建正确;表达的rSjLAP蛋白相对分子质量约45 000,诱导4 h表达量最高;纯化的rSjLAP蛋白纯度较高,浓度达5.0 mg/ml,并可被抗小鼠His-tag单抗及血吸虫感染的患者血清和兔血清特异性识别,具有良好的反应原性。结论成功在大肠杆菌中表达了rSjLAP蛋白,纯化的rSjLAP纯度较高,为血吸虫病的诊断和预防等研究奠定了基础。