近30年色林错湖面变化特征及其对气候变化的响应

为了探讨气候变化对高原湖色林错湖面面积变化的影响,基于1988—2020年Landsat卫星遥感影像资料,用最大似然法提取色林错水体信息,采用线性回归及M-K检验法分析色林错湖面面积及其流域内温度、降水和积雪深度等气候因子变化特征,并用皮尔逊相关分析法探讨了湖面面积与气象因子之间的相关性.结果表明:近30年色林错湖面面积增加了650.70 km²,增长速率为203.34 km²／(10 a).色林错湖面扩张存在着明显的空间差异,湖面向南、向北扩展比较明显;色林错流域年平均气温及降水量呈显著上升趋势(p<0.05),而积雪深度呈显著下降的趋势(p<0.05),其中增温速率为0.50℃／(10 a),降水量增加速率为17.32 mm／(10 a),积雪深度递减率为0.65 cm／(10 a);色林错湖面面积的变化与该流域气温的升高以及冷季积雪深度的降低具有极显著相关性(p<0.001),气温升高使得色林错上游的冰雪融水增加是色林错湖面面积增大的主要原因.     

某极低放填埋场土壤对Co吸附行为的初步研究

通过核素在土壤中的吸附行为研究为填埋场环境影响评价提供技术支持,运用批试法研究了不同物理条件下,土壤对Co的吸附。研究结果表明：吸附平衡时间为5天左右,土壤对Co的吸附模式符合Freundlich模式;酸性条件下,土壤对Co吸附能力较弱,pH从7开始增大,吸附比随之急剧升高;土壤粒径、液固比对土壤关于Co吸附比的影响不大,但随着液固比增大,吸附效率明显降低;共存的Ca2＋能明显减弱Co在土壤中的吸附。     

Preparation of BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.2O3–δ Based Solid Oxide Fuel Cells with Anode Functional Layers by Tape Casting

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) based on the proton conducting BaZr_0.1Ce_0.7Y_0.2O_3–δ (BZCY) electrolyte were prepared and tested in 500–700 °C using humidified H₂ as fuel (100 cm³ min^–1 with 3% H₂O) and dry O₂ (50 cm³ min^–1) as oxidant. Thin NiO‐BZCY anode functional layers (AFL) with 0, 5, 10 and 15 wt.% carbon pore former were inserted between the NiO‐BZCY anode and BZCY electrolyte to enhance the cell performance. The anode/AFL/BZCY half cells were prepared by tape casting and co‐sintering (1,300 °C/8 h), while the Sm_0.5Sr_0.5CoO_3–δ (SSC) cathodes were prepared by thermal spray deposition. Well adhered planar SOFCs were obtained and the test results indicated that the SOFC with an AFL containing 10 wt.% pore former content showed the best performance: area specific resistance as low as 0.39 Ω cm² and peak power density as high as 0.863 W cm^–2 were obtained at 700 °C. High open circuit voltages ranging from 1.00 to 1.12 V in 700–500 °C also indicated negligible leakage of fuel gas through the electrolyte.     

钴氮共掺杂碳基电催化剂的制备及性能调控

贵金属基电催化剂是促进燃料电池及金属-空气电池技术发展的关键材料,然而,其单一的氧还原/氧析出催化功能及高昂的制备成本制约了其推广应用。为此,开发低成本、高效的非贵金属双功能电催化剂至关重要。以核壳金属有机框架（MOFs）为前驱体,通过高温煅烧法制备具有核壳结构、高催化活性、高导电性的钴/氮共掺杂碳基电催化剂（Co/Co₃O₄@NGC）。结果表明：煅烧温度是影响电催化剂微纳结构、物化组成和催化活性的关键因素,最佳烧结温度为900℃;制备的电催化剂（Co/Co₃O₄@NGC-900）具有清晰的核壳结构和3D十二面体形貌,微表面遍布Co/Co₃O₄纳米颗粒和Co-N_x位点。同时,Co/Co₃O₄@NGC-900有机地结合了多元活性成分（如活性Co/Co₃O₄纳米颗粒、Co-N_x及N掺杂）和高度石墨化碳基底的共同作用,具备高效的氧还...     

喷射电沉积块体纳米晶Co-Ni合金工艺的研究

利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM），能谱仪（EDS）及X射线衍射（XRD）等分析方法研究了工艺参数对电解液喷射电沉积法制备块体纳米晶Co-Ni合金沉积层成分及结构的影响。结果表明；在本实验条件下，随电解液喷射速度的增加，沉积层中钴含量增加，而晶粒尺寸减小；随电解液温度的升高，沉积层中钴含量减小到一定值后增大，晶粒尺寸呈相反的趋势。沉积层的表面形貌为胞状结构。     

十二烷基磺酸根插层Ni~(2+)-Fe~(3+)/Co~(2+)-Ni~(2+)-Fe~(3+) LDHs及其结构研究

应用水热技术制备了二元Ni2+-Fe3+-CO23- LDHs和三元Co2+-Ni2+-Fe3+-CO32- LDHs,以十二烷基磺酸根离子作为插层客体,通过离子交换反应在酸性溶液中实现了十二烷基磺酸根插层Ni2+-Fe3+ LDHs和Co2+-Ni2+-Fe3+-LDHs。十二烷基磺酸根在Ni2+-Fe3+LDHs层间出现了2种空间导向和排列:即十二烷基磺酸根以单层垂直方向排布和以双层垂直方向排布在层间;十二烷基磺酸根在三元组分Co2+-Ni2+-Fe3+-LDHs层间只有一种空间排列方式,即十二烷基磺酸根以单层垂直方向排布于Co2+-Ni2+-Fe3+-LDHs层间。     

Electrochemical properties of Pb–Sb, Pb–Ca–Sn and Pb–Co3O4 anodes in copper electrowinning

Three types of anode, Pb–Sb, Pb–Ca–Sn and Pb–Co₃O₄, for copper electrowinning were investigated. The corrosion resistance, as evaluated by cyclic voltammetric (CV) measurements was higher for Pb–Co₃O₄ than for Pb–Sb and Pb–Ca–Sn. During prolonged electrowinning under galvanostatic conditions, the anodic reaction on the Pb–Co₃O₄ anode was depolarized by 0.053 V as compared to Pb–Sb, and by 0.106 V with respect to Pb–Ca–Sn. The composition and structure of the anodic layer were determined by XPS, X-ray and SEM analyses. The surface layer on the three anodes examined was composed mainly of PbSO₄, -PbO₂ and -PbO₂. Different structure of the surface layer was observed: loose and highly spread coral-like structure in the case of Pb–Sb; fibrous structure in the case of Pb–Ca–Sn and dense, fine-grained structure in the case of Pb–Co₃O₄.     

高耐蚀性Zn—Co合金镀层钝化工艺的研究

研究了电镀Zn-Co合金镀层的钝化液的组成及工艺条件，溶液各成分及工艺条件对钝化膜质量的影响，通过几种腐蚀试验方法，测量了钝化膜的耐蚀性，结果表明，研究的钝化工艺可以得到耐蚀性良好的钝化膜。     

钴（Ⅱ）对纤维蛋白原硝化损伤及活性的影响研究

以纤维蛋白原为研究对象,运用紫外分光光度法、三维荧光光谱溉、SDS-PAGE和Von-Clauss法研究了Co（Ⅱ）参与过氧亚硝酸根（ONOO^-）介导的纤维蛋白原硝化反应过程。结果表明,Co（Ⅱ）对ONOO^-硝化损伤纤维蛋白原存在明显的促进作用,并加剧了硝化损伤后纤维蛋白原凝聚活性的下降。     

卡尔曼滤波分光光度法测定多组金属离子

用卡尔曼滤波（KF）递推算法，以4－（2－吡啶偶氮）间苯二酚（PAR）为显色剂，测定了Cu^2 ,Co^2 ,Ni^2 ,Zn^2 ,Pb^2 五种金属离子的二，三，四元体系混合样品各组分含量，利用较少的测量数据，获得满意结果。