Quality control for bloom casting of YQ450NQR1 steel

To reduce surface depression of a bloom,the primary cooling intensity was decreased,and the water distribution of mold wide and narrow faces was optimized.The length of secondary cooling zones and the specific water flow were increased,and the water flow distribution among the secondary cooling zones was adjusted to eliminate central defects,such as center looseness,central segregation,and center line cracks.The operation showed that the proportion of surface depression decreased from 37.22% to 2.87%,whereas the proportion of center looseness for < 1.0 increased from 79.71% to 90.70%,the proportion of central segregation for <0.5 increased from 1.45% to 44.19%,and the proportion of center line cracks that are flee increased from 39.13% to 62.79%.The quali-fied blooms are delivered to produce 310 Z-beam,whose yield strength is greater than 450 MPa.     

Contact Interface Model for Shallow Foundations Subjected to Combined Cyclic Loading

It has been recognized that the ductility demands on a superstructure might be reduced by allowing rocking behavior and mobilization of the ultimate capacity of shallow foundations during seismic loading. However, the absence of practical reliable foundation modeling techniques to accurately design foundations with the desired capacity and energy dissipation characteristics and concerns about permanent deformations have hindered the use of nonlinear soil–foundation–structure interaction as a designed mechanism for improving performance of structural systems. This paper presents a new “contact interface model” that has been developed to provide nonlinear relations between cyclic loads and displacements of the footing–soil system during combined cyclic loading (vertical, shear, and moment). The rigid footing and the soil beneath the footing in the zone of influence, considered as a macroelement, are modeled by keeping track of the geometry of the soil surface beneath the footing, along with the kinematics of the footing–soil system, interaction diagrams in vertical, shear, and moment space, and the introduction of a parameter, critical contact area ratio (A/Ac); the ratio of footing area (A) to the footing contact area required to support vertical and shear loads (Ac). Several contact interface model simulations were carried out and the model simulations are compared with centrifuge model test results. Using only six user-defined model input parameters, the contact interface model is capable of capturing the essential features (load capacities, stiffness degradation, energy dissipation, and deformations) of shallow foundations subjected to combined cyclic loading.     

Cooling load reduction of building by seasonal nocturnal cooling water from thermosyphon heat pipe radiator

In this study, a concept of using thermosyphon heat pipe to extract heat from water in a storage tank to generate cooling water was proposed. Heat pipe condenser was attached with an aluminum plate and acted as a thermal radiator while its evaporator was dipped in the water storage tank. Cooling water in the tank could be produced during the nighttime and used to serve the cooling load in a room during the daytime. A heat transfer model to calculate the water temperature and the room temperature during both the nighttime and daytime was developed. The input data were ambient temperature, dew point temperature, area of the radiator, volume of cooling water and room cooling load. The experiment was setup to verify the heat transfer model. A 9.0 m² tested room with six cooling coils, each of 0.87 m² was installed at the ceiling, was constructed along with the 1.0 m³ water storage tank. A 500–2000 W adjustable heater was taken as an artificial load inside the room. A 6.36 m² radiator is installed on a 45° tilting roof of the tested room. The simulated results agreed very well with those of the experimental data. With the developed model, a simulation to find the sizing of the radiator area and the volume of cooling water for cooling water production during winter of Chiang Mai, Thailand was carried out. The cooling water was used for cooling during summer in an air‐conditioned room with different cooling loads. The parameters in terms of room temperature, radiator area, volume of cooling water, cooling load and UA of cooling coil were considered to carry out the percent of cooling load reduction. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Parameter reference immutability: formal definition, inference tool, and comparison

Knowing which method parameters may be mutated during a method’s execution is useful for many software engineering tasks. A parameter reference is immutable if it cannot be used to modify the state of its referent object during the method’s execution. We formally define this notion, in a core object-oriented language. Having the formal definition enables determining correctness and accuracy of tools approximating this definition and unbiased comparison of analyses and tools that approximate similar definitions. We present Pidasa, a tool for classifying parameter reference immutability. Pidasa combines several lightweight, scalable analyses in stages, with each stage refining the overall result. The resulting analysis is scalable and combines the strengths of its component analyses. As one of the component analyses, we present a novel dynamic mutability analysis and show how its results can be improved by random input generation. Experimental results on programs of up to 185 kLOC show that, compared to previous approaches, Pidasa increases both run-time performance and overall accuracy of immutability inference.     

考虑水管冷却的混凝土温度场的分析

分析了混凝土水管冷却问题的研究现状,总结了目前混凝土温度场水管冷却的几种算法,就温度场仿真计算原理、步骤等作了研究,从而解决了当前混凝土温度场水管冷却计算精度不足的问题。     

一次回风空调系统设计中几个常见问题分析

结合一个改造工程实例,分析了一次回风系统设计计算中容易出现的几个概念性错误及其导致的严重后果.对设备选型中的几个关键点进行了剖析,并提出了一些建议.     

Combined cross-linking treatments of bovine serum albumin gel beadlets for controlled-delivery of caffeine

Combined cross-linking agents (CCLA) of microbial transglutaminase (MTgase) and ribose were applied during production of bovine serum albumin gels via incubation and heating treatment, respectively. CCLA produced stronger gels with lower protein solubility in disruptive solvents (1% sodium dodecyl sulphate plus 1% β-mercaptoethanol) as compared to BSA gels (BSA/Control) or gels produced using single cross-linking agents (SCLA) of MTGase or ribose. The gels were then converted into dried beadlets containing caffeine following a freeze-drying process. In-vitro controlled-release of caffeine and swelling ratio studies of the beadlets in artificial saliva or simulated gastric fluid indicated that CCLA beadlets had the slowest release of caffeine and the lowest swelling ratio as compared to other beadlets. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) data suggested that the improved release and the lower swelling ratio were mainly due to the denser network formed within the CCLA beadlets that had restricted the diffusion of caffeine and hampered the enzymatic breakdown of the matrix. The additional protein cross-linkings formed as a result of MTgase incubation and ribose-induced Maillard reaction could provide a delay action in releasing caffeine that potentially extend the duration of the action of the drug during ingestion.     

窗户自动控制管理系统的设计与实现

在我国绝大部分地区夏季气候炎热，而大型的厂房在高温环境下，厂房内温度较高，使得一些对温度要求较高的机器受到影响。按照传统的办法，对厂房实施通风降温，但显露的问题是白天气温仍然很高，不利于开窗通风，而晚上气温相对较低，特别是在子夜时段，气温更低，在这个时段开窗通风，降温效果十分明显。但在这个时段，用人工开窗通风显然不太现实，如对开窗通风后天气突然变化的情况以及在如何掌握合理通风时机上难以把握。针对这个问题，应用单片机技术，开发计算机自动控制高大平房仓窗户和通风系统。     

热虹吸油冷却系统：数学模型与理论计算篇

近年来，热虹吸油冷却系统在国内逐步推广应用，但目前仍缺乏理论分析与计算模型，所以在实际应用中仍存在一些分歧与争论。本文尝试从建立数学模型开始，进行理论计算，从而得出能够指导实践的理论依据。