Cyclic metallurgical process for extracting V and Cr from vanadium slag: Part II. Separation and recovery of Cr from vanadium precipitated solution

Cyclic metallurgical process for separation and recovery of Cr from vanadium precipitated solution by precipitation with PbCO₃ and leaching with Na₂CO₃ was investigated. The concentration of Cr residue in the solution decreases from 2.360 to 0.001 g/L by adding PbCO₃ into vanadium precipitated solution according to Pb/Cr molar ratio of 2.5, adjusting the pH to 3.0 and stirring for 180 min at 30 °C. Then, the precipitates were leached with hot Na₂CO₃ solution to obtain leaching solution containing Na₂CrO₄ and leaching residue containing PbCO₃. The leaching efficiency of Cr reaches 96.43% by adding the precipitates into 0.5 mol/L Na₂CO₃ solution with the mass ratio of liquid to solid (L/S) of 10:1 mL/g and stirring for 60 min under pH 9.5 at 70 °C. After filtration, leaching residue is reused in Cr precipitation and leaching solution is used to circularly leach the Cr precipitates until Na₂CrO₄ approaches the saturation. Finally, the product of Na₂CrO₄·4H₂O is obtained by evaporation and crystallization of leaching solution.     

固溶处理温度对Fe-Mn-Al-C铁素体基轻质钢耐蚀性能的影响

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪等研究了热轧态、850、950和1 050 ℃固溶处理Fe-Mn-Al-C铁素体基轻质钢的微观组织。通过测试固溶处理试样的极化曲线和阻抗曲线,以及观察试样在3.5%NaCl溶液中腐蚀后的表面状态,分析其耐蚀性。结果表明,试样经850 ℃固溶处理后的组织为铁素体+κ碳化物;950 ℃固溶处理后组织为铁素体+奥氏体+少量κ碳化物;1050 ℃固溶处理后组织为铁素体+奥氏体。随固溶处理温度的升高,试样中κ碳化物逐渐粗化直至全部溶解,950 ℃时发生奥氏体转变且晶粒有所增大,但1050 ℃时奥氏体的含量却略有降低。950 ℃固溶处理试样在3.5%NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性最佳,其自腐蚀电流密度为3.102×10^-6 A/cm²,钝化膜的电阻R_p值为3944 Ω。经过240 h腐蚀浸泡后,950 ℃固溶处理试样的腐蚀速率最低,这主要是由于其组织中奥氏体含量相对较高、铁素体和κ碳化物含量相对较低以及铁素体中Al元素含量较高所致。     

0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb不锈钢底座的真空热处理

以0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb不锈钢底座为研究对象,通过工艺试验方法获得了既满足力学性能要求又满足畸变量控制要求的真空固溶时效工艺。结果表明,采用1060 ℃×1.5 h固溶,油冷+460 ℃×4 h时效,空冷处理后的工件可达到技术要求,即抗拉强度≥1420 MPa,硬度≥42.5 HRC,安装面平面度≤0.5 mm。此外,在真空淬火炉中可通过调节淬火油温度,延长充气预冷时间等措施实现尺寸控制。     

254SMO不锈钢铸态组织及其高温固溶处理工艺

通过显微组织观察和背散射电子扫描观察了不同时间、不同温度的固溶处理对超级奥氏体不锈钢254SMO铸态组织的影响,并采用电子探针技术观察了钢中σ相的溶解过程。结果表明,随着固溶时间和温度的增加,不锈钢中的铸态枝晶组织逐渐消融,偏析逐渐消除,σ相逐渐溶解并转化为δ相(铁素体)。其中1280 ℃×9 h固溶处理的效果最好。     

省级电网公司投资管理一体化信息平台构架及解决方案

随着"五大"体系建设的深入推进,由于缺乏相应的执行管控体系和信息化支撑手段,当前省级电网公司投资管理工作已不能满足提升投资管理精益化的要求。从信息化系统建设角度,分析了省级电网公司投资管理信息化支撑存在的问题,提出了"投资管理一体化信息平台"的总体构架,从总体系统应用架构、总体系统集成和总体技术路线3个方面,设计了技术解决方案,并基于ERP信息系统,实现了该信息平台的应用开发。     

Multi-objective Phasor Measurement Unit Placement in Electric Power Networks: Integer Linear Programming Formulation

A multi-objective optimal phasor measurement unit placement model using integer linear programming is presented in this article. The proposed model simultaneously optimizes two objectives, i.e., minimization of phasor measurement unit numbers and maximization of measurement redundancy. To calculate the redundancy criteria, the single-line outage and the phasor measurement unit loss are considered simultaneously. A linear formulation is presented for both objective functions. Also herein, to address conflicting attributes and identify Pareto optimal solutions of the multi-objective optimal phasor measurement unit placement problem, a new multi-objective mathematical programming method is proposed. Finally, a new index, i.e., minimum distance to utopia point, is implemented to select the most preferred solution among the available Pareto front based options on the goal to achieve judicious decision makers. Two test systems, i.e., a modified 9-bus and an IEEE 118-bus test systems, are used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.     

Moving ion fronts in mixed ionic‐electronic conducting polymer films

The aim of this paper is to analyze moving front dynamics of ions and holes in a planar, mixed ionic‐electronic conducting polymer film. As cations invade the film, holes evacuate; thus, an ionic current is converted to an electronic signal. Recent experiments show that the location of the advancing ion front increases as the square‐root of time, a scaling typically associated with diffusive transport, which is surprising given the large driving voltages utilized. Ionic and electronic transport is modeled via the drift‐diffusion equations. A similarity transformation reduces the governing partial differential equations to ordinary differential equations that are solved numerically. The similarity transformation elucidates the origin of the square‐root‐of‐time front scaling. The similarity solution is then compared to the numerical solution of the full drift‐diffusion equations, finding excellent agreement. When compared with experimental data, our model captures the front location; however, qualitative differences between the ion profiles are observed. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 1447–1454, 2015     

电解质溶液碳纳米管复合材料热电性能研究

热电材料,是一种能实现电能与热能交互转变的材料,可用于温差发电、热电制冷等。到目前为止,所研究的热电材料一般都为固体材料或者高温条件下的液态金属,尚未见文献在电解质溶液热电性能方面有过报道。相关的研究表明,低维度纳米多孔化结构可能成为提高材料热电性能的重要途径,为此,进行了以碳纳米管(canbon nanotubes,CNTs)堆积床为骨架,在其中注入电解质溶液的试验研究,发现其表观塞贝克系数(Seebeck,S)可提高一个数量级,而导电系数在碳纳米管体积分数较小的情况下几乎保持不变,从而可能使热电材料的热电优值ηZT(themoelectric figure of merit,ZT)再提高1~2个数量级,而ηZT直接决定热电设备的转换效率。     

Robust algorithms for the solution of the ideal adsorbed solution theory equations

The ideal adsorbed solution (IAS) theory has been shown to predict reliably multicomponent adsorption for both gas and liquid systems. There is a lack of understanding of the conditions which guarantee convergence for various algorithms used to solve the IAS theory equations and inconsistencies are present in the reported computational effort required for the different approaches. The original nested loop and the FastIAS technique are revisited. The resulting system of equations is highly nonlinear but both methods are shown to be robust if appropriate choices are made for the starting values of the unknown variables. New initial conditions are proposed and the resulting algorithms are compared in a consistent manner with the main methods available to solve the IAS theory equations. The algorithms are extended for the first time to all nontype I isotherms. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 981–991, 2015     

Predicting multicomponent adsorption: 50 years of the ideal adsorbed solution theory

Describing multi‐component adsorption is fundamental to using sorption in any chemical separation. 50 years ago, Myers and Prausnitz made a seminal contribution to characterization and prediction of multi‐component adsorption by introducing Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory (IAST). Here, we give an overview of IAST, highlighting its continued role as a benchmark method in describing adsorption using illustrative examples from a variety of experimental and molecular modeling studies. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 2757–2762, 2015