碳纤维及其复合材料在国外军民领域的应用

介绍了碳纤维（CF：carbon fiber）及碳纤维增强复合材料（CFRP：carbon fiber minfomed plastics）在国外发达国家军事领域和民用领域的应用。     

ZrO2-CaO-BN复合材料抗氧化性的研究

为解决浸入式水口的结瘤问题 ,采用热压烧结方法制备了ZrO2 -CaO -BN复合材料 ,讨论了其氧化动力学过程 ,推导了氧化速度和氧化温度的数学关系式 ,并研究了其抗氧化性能及氧化层产物的显微结构。实验表明 :ZrO2 -CaO -BN复合材料在 90 0℃以下有很好的抗氧化性 ,而在 12 0 0℃以上氧化明显加剧 ;135 0℃时 ,材料的氧化产物主要由Ca3 B2 O6组成 ;ZrO2 -CaO -BN材料的氧化规律服从反应控速 -混合控速 -扩散控速 3段模型。     

Mechanosynthesis of complex oxides and preparation of mixed conducting nanocomposites for catalytic membrane reactors

Nanopowders of LaGaO₃- and LaMnO₃-based complex perovskites (P) and ceria-based fluorites (F) were prepared by mechanosynthesis. Compatible nanocomposites F + P and P + P with mixed ion and electron conducting (MIEC) properties were prepared and sintered at moderate temperatures up to dense ceramics. The obtained materials were studied by means of XRD, SEM, TEM, electrical conductivity measurements, temperature programmed (TP) reduction/oxidation and preliminary estimations of permeability were obtained. A new strategy based on the advantages of the mechanochemical ceramic approach is proposed to design multilayer ceramic membranes for CMR. Casting technology and one-step sintering were used for the production of thin film membranes with MIEC properties on porous substrates. The coarse fraction of as-milled powders from agglomerates with density 70% was used for the porous substrate, and fine fractions of aggregates with sizes <1 μm were used in preparation of composites for thin dense films. Ceria-based composites prepared by the Pechini route and/or mechanochemical method are proposed as materials for protecting thin films.     

Use of organosolv lignin in phenol-formaldehyde resins for particleboard production: II. Particleboard production and properties

The objective of this work was to demonstrate the utility of lignin-based resins designed for application as an adhesive in the production of particleboard. Bond qualities of lignin-phenol-formaldehyde resins, phenolated-lignin-formaldehyde resins and commercial phenol-formaldehyde (PF-com) resin were assessed by using an automatic bonding evaluation system, prior to production of particleboards. In order to evaluate the quality of lignin-based resins, particleboards were produced and physical and mechanical properties were investigated. These physical properties included internal bond, modules of rupture and modulus of elasticity. Thickness swell and water absorption properties of particleboards bonded with lignin-based resins were also determined. The lignin-based resins have been reported previously in Part I of this study. The results showed that particleboards bonded with phenolated-lignin formaldehyde resins (up to 30% lignin content) exhibited similar physical and mechanical properties when compared to particleboards bonded with PF-com. The work has indicated that phenolated-lignin formaldehyde resins (up to 30% substitution level) can be used successfully as a wood adhesive for constructing particleboard. The performance of these panels is comparable to those of boards made using PF-com resin.     

Mullite/Al-Cu-Si复合材料界面微结构研究

用挤压铸造方法制备Mullite/Al-Cu-Si复合材料。用分析透射电镜（ATEM）观察了复合材料的微结构及微成分。结果表明：莫来石（Mullite）纤维由大小不、位相不同、分布不均的细小晶粒组成：在淬火态“纤维／基体”界面和“Si晶体／基体”界面附近基件一侧中．都可发现高密度位错的存在；在Si含量较高的情况下，Mullite／Al-Cu-Si复合材料界面处没有发现界面产物的存在，而在纤维／基体界面处析出非平衡共晶θ（Al，Cu）相。     

TiCp/Al预制块在Mg中熔化过程研究

将TiCp／Al预制块以不同的工艺加入到Mg液中进行熔化试验。结果表明，未搅拌时TiCp／Al预制块在800℃的Mg液中保温60min后仍不熔化，采用合适的搅拌工艺可使TiCp／Al预制块熔化，并且使TiC粒子在熔体中均匀分布。TiCp／Al预制块在Mg液中的熔化过程机理为：基体Al通过熔化和对淹扩散进入到Mg液中，TiC粒子间的结合力需通过搅拌产生的剪切力才能破坏，并随Mg液流动进入到Mg液中，机械搅拌可使TiC粒子Mg液中均匀分布。     

Al2O3（p）／Al—Mg复合材料界面微结构研究

利用分析透射电镜研究了液态搅拌法制备的Ａｌ２Ｏ３（ｐ）／Ａｌ－Ｍｇ复合材料界面微结构。结果表明，界面反应产物与基体Ｍｇ含量有关，反应产物与Ａｌ２Ｏ３（ｐ）之间存在一定取向关系，界面附近基体中存在大量位错。     

原位自生钢基复合材料耐磨性能的研究

用铸造的方法制备了原位自生复合碳化物[(Ti,W,Cr,V,Nb)C]增强钢基复合材料,并对该复合材料的磨粒磨损性能及磨损机理进行了研究。结果表明,采用该方法制备的钢基自生复合材料中,自生碳化物颗粒细小、圆整、且分布均匀,碳化物颗粒增强相体积分数达到42.8%;原位自生钢基复合材料的耐磨性能优良。在磨粒磨损条件下,其磨损机制主要是显微切削、颗粒脱落和脆性剥落;稀土和合金元素能够提高原位自生钢基复合材料的耐磨性能。     

A359-Zr(CO3)2体系反应合成复合材料的组织及润滑磨损性哪

研究了新型反应体系A359-Zr（CO3）2熔体反应法制备的（Al3Zr＋Al2O3）p／A359复合材料边界油润滑条件下的滑动磨损性能。结果表明，由于颗粒的支撑减磨作用，复合材料的磨损量随载荷的增大和时间的延长均远小于基体材料，当载荷为1176N时体积分数为12％的复合材料磨损量为4．9mg，而基体材料的磨损量为27．5mg，复合材料比基体材料耐磨性提高了6倍；由磨损表面SEN观察表明：基体A359合金存在严重粘着和变形，表现为粘着磨损和剥层磨损，复合材料的磨损类型表现为磨粒磨损。     

ICT技术测试炭/炭复合材料内部密度分布

利用工业计算机辅助层析成像技术(ICT)对不同尺寸的炭/炭复合材料进行了断层摄像试验,发现该技术能真实地反映材料内部的实际密实情况.利用ICT图像给出的相关数据,经过一系列计算,得出材料内部各处的密度值,该方法比传统的排水法所得的结果精确,而且无需从制品中取样,节省了材料和时间.ICT技术有望用于其它复合材料的密度测试.