天棚低温辐射电热膜采暖系统施工技术

本文从施工工艺、施工准备、施工材料与机具、施工要点、安全注意事项、质量要求等方面阐述了天棚低温辐射电热膜采暖系统的施工方法。     

Bemessung typischer massiver Bauteile des Kraftwerkbaus nach unterschiedlichen europäischen Regelwerken

Im Zuge ihrer Expandierung erweitern die Energieversorger ihre Kraftwerkparks zunehmend im Ausland. Aus Gründen der Wirtschaftlichkeit werden die Kraftwerksneubauten dabei teilweise im sogenannten “Konvoi” errichtet. Aufgrund der in den europäischen Ländern unterschiedlich geltenden Normen ergeben sich aber unter anderem Unterschiede in der Bemessung und Dimensionierung der Stahlbetontragwerke. In diesem Beitrag werden diese Unterschiede exemplarisch zwischen den für Deutschland und für die Niederlande gültigen Normen, sowie nach den in Europa zukünftig verbindlich anzuwendenden Eurocodes untersucht. Design of typical massive concrete elements in power plants according to different European codes. In course of expansion the energy companies expand their plant areas more and more in foreign countries. Because of economy the new built plants are partly built in the so called “convoy”. Due to the different standards in European countries there could be some differences for the design of concrete structures. In the following article the differences between the valid German, Dutch and the future authentic applicable European standards for design of concrete structures are analysed.     

虚拟施工在设计院的应用浅谈

本文主要根据镍钴设计院和建设单位的工程项目现状,针对当前传统的设计方法无法满足需要的实际问题,运用BIM技术创建的虚拟建筑模型包含了建筑的所有信息,通过应用虚拟现实、计算机仿真等技术对实际施工过程进行计算机模拟和分析, 达到对施工过程的事前控制和动态管理, 以优化施工方案和风险控制     

四川建川中航工业三线建设博物馆设计

文章简要介绍了中航工业三线建设博物馆的设计,该设计通过材料并置、形体表达、路径转换等方式,展现出其特有的建筑内涵及空间意义特征.     

谈建设工程中价值工程的应用

价值工程做为一门基于技术与经济相结合的新兴的科学管理方法,已广泛应用于建设工程。本文介绍了价值工程的基本知识,对在我国建筑工程中应用价值工程的特点、应注意的问题进行论述与分析,总结了价值工程的发展趋势,对价值工程在我国建设工程中的应用具有广泛和深刻的社会意义。     

Indicators for measuring construction industry development in developing countries

The problems of construction industries in developing countries are well researched. For over three decades, proposals have been made for action to address these difficulties. Developing countries have implemented these recommendations, and other initiatives. However, results have been disappointing and the problems have persisted. A possible reason for the lack of progress is the absence of measurable targets in construction industry development programmes to guide and assess, at intervals, the success of their implementation. This paper critically discusses the formulation of a set of indicators for measuring and monitoring progress in the effort to improve the construction industry in a developing country. Previous proposals of indicators and those used in Singapore are examined. A set of indicators is suggested and their merits and possible problems are considered. Recommendations are made on how the indicators can be most effectively implemented.

Les problèmes liés à l'industrie du bâtiment dans les pays en voie de développement sont clairement définis. Pendant plus de trois décennies, des propositions ont été formulées en vue de mener des actions visant à surmonter ces difficultés. Les pays en voie de développement ont suivi ces recommandations et pris d'autres initiatives. Néanmoins, les résultats ont été décevants et les problèmes ont persisté. L'une des raisons possibles du manque d'avancée est l'absence d'objectifs mesurables dans les programmes de développement de l'industrie du bâtiment, qui permettraient de guider et d'évaluer, par intervalles, la réussite de leur mise en oeuvre. Le présent document aborde de façon critique la formulation d'un groupe d'indicateurs destinés à mesurer et à surveiller la progression des efforts destinés à améliorer l'industrie du bâtiment dans un pays en voie de développement. Il examine également les propositions antérieures relatives à des indicateurs, ainsi que celles utilisées à Singapore. Il suggère enfin un groupe d'indicateurs et examine leurs avantages et leurs inconvénients éventuels. Des recommendations visant à optimiser l'utilisation de ces indicateurs sont également formulées.     

Early-warning performance monitoring system (EPMS) using the business information of a project

An early-warning performance monitoring system (EPMS) is proposed to objectively measure and monitor the performance of a project for early detection of inherent poor performance problems. The EPMS is built based on project progress data and consists of a database of business information, an optimized theoretical model used as a performance measurement baseline, and an index for monitoring and forecasting the performance. By monitoring the performance through an application of the EPMS to the Korean construction project, the quarterly variation of index was found to differ by project type. These results could explain the environmental changes in the project execution. Therefore, the EPMS is expected to be an alternative for objective performance monitoring and forecasting while applying the existing methods is difficult because of the limited available data on performance indicators. The development procedures may also be useful to researchers interested in approaches to quantitatively analyze trends in various industries.     

Reinforcing cycles involving inter- and intraorganizational paradoxical tensions when managing large construction projects

In recent years, scholars have shown a growing interest in combining control and flexibility when organizing and managing large construction projects, in contrast with the traditional focus on control. Prior research recognizes that there is a paradoxical tension between control and flexibility, meaning that, while both approaches make sense individually, they appear impossible to combine. Large construction projects are interorganizational, which means that tensions between interorganizational control/flexibility coexist with tensions between intraorganizational direction/empowerment, but the interplay and possible reinforcing cycles involving the two tensions have rarely been investigated in prior research. A multiple case study of four large construction projects with three rounds of interviews show how intraorganizational direction/empowerment can influence interorganizational control/flexibility and vice versa, and demonstrate both vicious and virtuous reinforcing cycles that involve the two types of tensions. Therefore, contributing to the project management and construction management literature, it is argued that employing a systemic approach when studying interorganizational projects is essential. A systemic paradox perspective can reveal interdependencies between tensions at different organizational interfaces, improve the understanding of how individuals in all managerial positions interplay, and explain how reinforcing cycles emerge and develop; this is important to recognize when organizing, staffing and managing large construction projects.     

Current condition and future directions for lean construction in highways projects: A small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) perspective

The aim of this study is to identify the parameters defining how Lean Construction (LC) is being implemented (current condition) and how LC can be further promoted (future direction) from a Small-Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) perspective. Although SMEs constitute the largest group in construction supply chains, LC, as an emerging phenomenon in civil construction project management, has been rarely investigated from an SMEs perspective. Also, overlooking the more macro factors like project governance and supply chain management, LC deployments have been mainly discussed from a production process perspective to date. After a review of the extant literature and 20 interviews with managers from the highways sector, a list of 31 current condition and 40 future direction statements were produced, classified under the delivery, process, training, project governance and supply chain related headings and used in a questionnaire survey with 110 responses. The current condition highlights problems like a short-term relations structure, competitive tendering mechanisms, fragmentation, problems in engaging with SMEs for LC, unstandardised LC techniques, and issues with convincing SMEs to deploy LC by demonstrating the business case on mutual benefits. Action items relating to the current project delivery structure were given the highest importance by the supply chain, alongside the LC training and project governance issues for the future of LC at highways SMEs. Additionally, a statistically significant correlation was identified among many future action items.     

A HUMAN RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM CONSTRUCTION

A significant proportion of performance failures (e.g., structural failure, cost overruns, delays) are due to human error in the construction of in-situ reinforced concrete elements. A Human Reliability Analysis (HRA) model has been developed to simulate the effect of human error on the construction of a reinforced concrete beam. The proposed HRA model incorporates the effect of (i) initial errors (i.e., before engineering inspections) and (ii) errors remaining after engineering inspections. The following typical construction tasks are considered: number and size of reinforcing bars, effective depth of steel reinforcing, beam width, and quality of concrete mix. Human performance models are described for each of these microtasks. It was found that human error leads to a significant loss of structural safety. It was also shown that engineering inspections significantly increased structural reliability, but the resulting structural reliability was still an order of magnitude lower than "nominal" estimates of structural reliability.