Enhanced charge transport characteristics in zinc oxide nanofibers via Mg2+ doping for electron transport layer in perovskite solar cells and antibacterial textiles

ZnO is well-known electron transport material; however, its charge carrier mobility is restricted due to lower conductivity and hysteresis losses. To overcome these issues, 1–3 wt% Mg-doped ZnO nanofibers were synthesized via electrospinning and then applied as electron transport layer (ETL) of perovskite solar cell. The structural, morphological, chemical composition, electronic structure, and optical activity of the synthesized nanofibers were studied to elucidate the role of Mg doping. X-ray diffraction of all nanofibers revealed that Mg was successfully incorporated into ZnO lattice and revealed that ZnO is present in hexagonal wurtzite structure. Optical characterization of the nanofibers revealed that with an increase in Mg²⁺ doping concentration, the bandgap energy (Eg) tuned from 3.36 eV to 2.8 eV. It was observed that doping ZnO matrix with Mg ions improved the electronic structure, hence favoring the increase in the fill factor, current density, and efficiency. By doping 1, 2, and 3 wt% Mg into ZnO, efficiency was increased up to 8.48, 10.33, and 13.52%, respectively. Thus, a significant improvement in the performance of ZnO was noted by our proposed facile Mg doping. In addition, a significant improvement in photocatalytic activity was observed in Mg doped ZnO, which was used for fabrication of antibacterial textiles.     

腈氯纶长绒棉导电纤维混纺纱的开发

为顺利开发腈氯纶长绒棉导电纤维混纺纱,针对腈氯纶纤维、导电纤维及长缄棉的特性,在纺纱各工序采取了一系列技术措施,提出了对腈氯纶纤维和导电纤维需进行纺前人工撕扯混匀及预处理;各工序要做好隔离防护,优选相关工序工艺参数,优化工艺配置;络筒工序采用光电式电子清纱器.通过以上措施,最终顺利纺制出腈氯纶/长绒棉/导电纤维60/38/2 18.3 tex纱,其成纱质量满足了使用要求.     

针织间隔导电织物的压力电阻传感性能

为了研究针织间隔导电织物的压阻传感性能,将镀银锦纶与锦纶/氨纶包覆纱在无缝成型内衣机上进行编织,制备了3种纬编导电织物,将其与经编间隔织物结合,测试并得到了电阻随应变的变化规律,分析了导电区域面积及压缩方式对电阻-应变传感性能的影响。结果显示:压缩面呈平面时,压缩过程分为电阻随应变的增加先缓慢减小、再急速下降两个阶段;曲面压缩时,压缩过程分为电阻微弱减小、缓慢上升、急剧下降三个阶段,其中曲面压缩阶段Ⅲ和平面压缩阶段Ⅱ均具有较好的线性度和灵敏度,且前者灵敏度优于后者;当传感面积为35 mm×35 mm,且从织物横列方向进行曲面压缩电阻的测量时,传感器的综合传感性能最佳。     

部分醇解PVA在高比例含涤品种上浆中的应用

为提高高比例含涤混纺品种的浆纱质量,降低用浆成本费用,应用部分醇解PVA--PVA-217SB、PVA-205MB及普通淀粉的浆料配方取代了PVA-1799、变性淀粉、丙烯酸类浆料的配方.通过合理设定调浆工艺及上浆工艺,减少了浆纱毛羽的再生,降低了浆斑疵布,提高了织机效率,降低了用浆成本.     

丝素蛋白对棉织物整理

用丝素蛋白对棉织物进行整理,研究整理前后棉织物的各项性能变化。结果表明:织物上的涂覆丝素膜经过交联处理可以使涂层具有耐热水洗性能。丝素整理能够改善棉织物的尺寸稳定性、耐磨性、抗折皱回复性、抗弯刚度等性能。     

影响棉针织物外观的因素

本文根据木村和男的论文除对棉纱品质因素进行试验与分析外,还对影响织物外观的纱段长度、纱线支数以及纱线直径进行试验与分析,并采用微机处理系统对棉纱小片段的不匀进行试验与测定。     

Effects of Fe0 and Ni0 nanoparticles on hydrogen production from cotton stalk hydrolysate using Klebsiella sp. WL1316: Evaluation of size and concentration of the nanoparticles

Fe⁰ and Ni⁰ nanoparticles (NPs) of certain size were synthesized and added to the hydrogen production system from cotton stalk hydrolysate using Klebsiella sp. WL1316. Fe⁰ and Ni⁰ NPs with a size of 50 nm at all concentrations effectively improve hydrogen production during mid to late fermentation stages; particularly, the highest daily hydrogen production obtained following treatment with 50 nm Fe⁰ NPs at 30 mg/L fermented for 96 h significantly increased by 61% comparing to the control treatment. The reducing sugar consumption in cotton stalk hydrolysate and ΔOD₆₀₀ could be improved to some extent by Fe⁰ and Ni⁰ NPs supplementation. Addition of Fe⁰ or Ni⁰ NPs of 50 nm at a concentration of 30 mg/L resulted in enhanced cumulative hydrogen production with improvement of hydrogen yield reached higher than 20%, and the values of Y(H₂/S) were all higher than 90 mL/g _substrate, reflecting good hydrogen production and substrate consumption. The analysis of the main soluble metabolites profile revealed that supplementation with Fe⁰ and Ni⁰ NPs of suitable size and concentration may decrease the metabolic flux in the competitive branch of hydrogen production and increase the metabolic flux of the key node that leads to hydrogen generation, thus promoting biohydrogen synthesis.     

Experimental studies on cotton stalk combustion in a fluidized bed

The present work reports studies on the mixing and combustion characteristics of cotton stalk (CS) with 10–100 mm in length in a fluidized bed. Effects of length and initial weight percentage of CS, diameter of alumina bed material as well as gas velocity on the mixing characteristics of CS with alumina were investigated. CS can mix well with 0.6–1 mm alumina at fluidization number N=3–8.     

Bio-oil production from cotton stalk

Cotton stalk was fast pyrolyzed at temperatures between 480 °C and 530 °C in a fluidized bed, and the main product of bio-oil is obtained. The experimental result shows that the highest bio-oil yield of 55 wt% was obtained at 510 °C for cotton stalk. The chemical composition of the bio-oil acquired was analyzed by GC–MS, and its heat value, stability, miscibility and corrosion characteristics were determined. These results showed that the bio-oil obtained can be directly used as a fuel oil for combustion in a boiler or a furnace without any upgrading. Alternatively, the fuel can be refined to be used by vehicles. Furthermore, the energy performance of the pyrolysis process was analyzed. In the pyrolysis system used in our experiment, some improvements to former pyrolysis systems are done. Two screw feeders were used to prevent jamming the feeding system, and the condenser is equipped with some nozzles and a heat exchanger to cool quickly the cleaned hot gas into bio-oil.     

非织造布在空气过滤中的应用

非织造过滤材料以其优良的性能获得了日益广泛的应用。根据我国传统的过滤材料分级方法,列举 了一系列非织造过滤材料,代表了当今过滤材料领域的发展方向。