Pomegranate varietal wines: Phytochemical composition and quality parameters

Some well-known varieties of pomegranate, including Wonderful and Mollar de Elche, were used for the elaboration of varietal pomegranate wines as an interesting alternative to employ secondary quality and over-ripe fruit. The evolution of quality parameters with a technical relevance and the phytochemical composition of these fruit wines throughout the different winemaking stages were monitored. Noticeable changes occurred during wine elaboration, especially over the fermentation period. In addition, a significant role of the cultivar used in the phenolics profile was noted. Anthocyanins were the main bioactives conditioning both antioxidant capacity and colour parameters. Results pointed out that the elaboration of pomegranate wine from different varieties is a suitable means of industrialisation for underused fruits. Moreover, attending to the rich-in-phytochemicals composition of these novel quality drinks, pomegranate wine consumption could be suggested as a promising source of phenolic antioxidants with a plethora of health-promoting functions.     

Dynamic changes of lignin contents of MT-1 elephant grass and its closely related cultivars

Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) is a tropical C₄ bunchgrass with high rates of growth and biomass production. It has been considered as a new alternative for energy crop in some countries, and expected to provide abundant and sustainable resources of lignocellulosic biomass for the production of solid biofuels. But in addition to cellulose, plant cell walls contain lignin that hinders the degradation of cell wall polysaccharides to simple sugars destined for fermentation to ethanol and biogas. In this paper, five elephant grass cultivars, such as ‘MT-1’ new line (P. purpureum cv. MT-1), ‘Mott’ (P. purpureum cv. Mott), ‘Huanan’ (P. purpureum cv. Huanan), ‘N51’ (P. purpureum cv. N51) and ‘Guimu-1’ ((Pennisetum americanum × P. purpureum) × P. purpureum cv. Guimu No.1) were tested to determine the lignin content using the acetyl bromide method. The lignin contents increased with the growth development for all five cultivars, but the increasing range was different with the difference of cultivar. In particular, the biggest increasing range was between July and August for ‘Huanan’, ‘N51’, ‘Mott’ and ‘MT-1’. At seedling stage, the contents of five cultivars were not significantly different, but the differences were demonstrated at internode elongation stage. At ripening stage, the upper internode of flowering culm had the lowest lignin content, and the basal internode had the highest content for all the five cultivars. The lignin content was very different at different development stage for different cultivars, indicating the differentiations among the five genotypes. As far as the flowering culm (in December) was concerned, the order of lignin content from the highest to the lowest was ‘Huanan’ (22.04% FW) > ‘N51’ (19.65% FW) > ‘Guimu-1’ (17.45% FW) > ‘Mott’ (15.43% FW) ≥ ‘MT-1’ (14.63% FW). In NJ and UPGMA dendrograms, the five cultivars could be divided into two groups, one for ‘MT-1’, ‘Mott’ and ‘Guimu-1’, one for ‘Huanan’ and ‘N51’. This result is consistent with the pedigree relationships among the five cultivars.     

Identification of Campania Citrus Limon L. by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers

Genotypes of 10 lemon (Citrus limon L.) cultivars of the Campania region (Southern Italy) have been studied by using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers with 44 arbitrary 10-mer primers. Some of the studied cultivars (Sorrento, Procida, Amalfi, and Gloria d'Amalfi) have been successfully distinguished by their band patterns using five out of the 44 selected primers, confirming that RAPD technology provides a useful tool to identify specific cultivars.     

Regional distribution in the fatty acids of triacylglycerols and phospholipids within soybean seeds (Glycine max L.)

The fatty acid distribution of triacylglycerols (TAG) and major phospholipids (PL) within soybean seeds (Glycine max L.) was investigated in relation to their tocopherol contents. The lipids extracted from four cultivars were separated by thin‐layer chromatography into seven fractions. Tocopherols were predominantly detected in the axis, followed by cotyledons and seed coat. The major lipid components were TAG and PL, while hydrocarbons, steryl esters, free fatty acids and diacylglycerols (sn‐1,3 and sn‐1,2) were also present in minor proportions. With a few exceptions, the dominant PL components were phosphatidylcholine, followed by phosphatidylethanolamine or phosphatidylinositiol. Significant differences (p <0.05) in fatty acid distribution existed when different soybean cultivars were examined. However, the principal characteristics of the fatty acid distribution in the TAG were evident among four cultivars; unsaturated fatty acids were predominantly concentrated in the sn‐2 position, and saturated fatty acids primarily occupied the sn‐1 or sn‐3 position in the oils of the soybeans.     

不同烤烟品种中部叶的显微结构分析

为揭示烟叶叶片结构的品种间差异,在相同栽培条件下,选择烤烟主栽品种K326、红花大金元(HD)、云烟87(Y87)、云烟85(Y85)、G80、中烟14(Z14),以及地方品种湘烟1号(X1)等具有一定代表性的中部适熟烟叶,采用石蜡切片等技术详细分析了烟叶叶片的显微结构。结果发现,叶片厚度以Y85和X1最厚,HD,Y87,Z14最薄,Z14栅栏/海绵组织最大、间隙度较大,但差别不明显,品种间的气孔形态指标差异较大,可以部分反映出品种的环境适应性,K326叶片结构与气孔形态各项指标处于适中状态。不同品种的基因差异以及生态适应性是造成叶片结构差异的主要因素。     

Comparison of six cultivars of strawberries (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Fragaria x ananassa</Emphasis> Duch.) grown in northwest Poland

The aim of this study was to compare the value of Senga Sengana, a long-term standard cultivar, with other cultivars grown in northwest Poland, namely Dukat, Elkat, Selva, Elsanta and Kent. The fruits were obtained from a commercial plantation and cultivated by applying conventional farming practice. Among the strawberry cultivars studied Elsanta berries had the highest vitamin C content and its leaves the highest ellagic acid content. Kent berries had the highest contents of total sugar, total polyphenol, total anthocyanin and ellagic acid derivatives. Dukat berries had the highest dry weight and soluble solids content. Senga Sengana berries had a slightly higher 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging effect than other cultivars. Consumer-objective colour measurements were performed to evaluate the quality of the fruit. Elsanta and Elkat berries were found to have the highest L (lightness), a^* (redness), C^* (chromaticity) and h (hue angle) values.     

关于栽培植物的品种命名问题

《国际栽培植物命名法规》是栽培植物分类和命名的国际准则,其目标是促进农业、林业和园艺植物命名的一致、准确和稳定。介绍了国际栽培植物命名法规的主要内容,包括品种、品种群、命名等级、命名标准、发表和建立等基本概念,栽培植物的分类等级和命名体系,并主要以桂花、兰花等观赏植物的品种分类为例,详细论述了品种、品种群和嫁接嵌合体的命名规则；简要评述了我国栽培植物品种分类和命名中存在的问题。     

Discrimination of five Tunisian cultivars by Mid InfraRed spectroscopy combined with chemometric analyses of olive Olea europaea leaves

The high biodiversity of olive tree and the economic needs require tools for the correct classification and identification of the different cultivars. Simple and rapid methods are in increasing demand. In the present work, FT-MIR spectroscopy associated to chemometric treatment is proposed as a direct and rapid tool to discriminate cultivars according to their olive leaves, a persistent tissue the whole year. A set of 75 samples of olive leaves representative of five Tunisian cultivars (Chemlali, Sayali, Meski, Zarrazi and Chétoui) cultivated in the same geographical area was analysed. Discrimination between the five Tunisian cultivars was performed by the chemometric approach, principal component analysis (PCA), based on the FT-MIR spectral data provided by olive leaves. Furthermore, a correct classification (100%) of the five Tunisian cultivars was obtained by the Partial Least Square Discriminate Analysis (PLS-DA) method.