Orthogonal ligation to spherical polymeric microparticles: Modular approaches for surface tailoring

Modular ligation strategies for the functionalization of polymeric microspheres provide new perspectives for their applications in material science. In the current trend article we highlight variable synthetic procedures for generating functional microspheres via orthogonal modular conjugation chemistries. An overview of the different surface chemistries available is provided, followed by surface-sensitive characterization techniques relevant for the microparticles. Finally, we explore future trends in modular orthogonal modification approaches on microparticles and provide an outlook on the perspectives that the field of surface-modification of polymeric microparticles holds.     

Interpolymer radical coupling: A toolbox complementary to controlled radical polymerization

The current review focuses on the relevance and practical benefit of interpolymer radical coupling methods. The latter are developing rapidly and constitute a perfectly complementary macromolecular engineering toolbox to the controlled radical polymerization techniques (CRP). Indeed, all structures formed by CRP are likely to be prone to radical coupling reactions, which multiply the available synthetic possibilities. Basically, the coupling systems can be divided in two main categories. The first one, including the atom transfer radical coupling (ATRC), silane radical atom abstraction (SRAA) and cobalt-mediated radical coupling (CMRC), relies on the recombination of macroradicals produced from a dormant species. The second one, including atom transfer nitroxide radical coupling (ATNRC), single electron transfer nitroxide radical coupling (SETNRC), enhanced spin capturing polymerization (ESCP) and nitrone/nitroso mediated radical coupling (NMRC), makes use of a radical scavenger in order to promote the conjugation of the polymer chains. More than a compilation of macromolecular engineering achievements, the present review additionally aims to emphasize the particularities, synthetic potential and present limitations of each system.     

镁表面Nafion/聚吡咯与Nafion/二甲基亚砜有机涂层耐蚀性能的研究

采用浸镀法在镁基体表面制备了Nafion/聚吡咯和Nafion/二甲基亚砜(DMSO)有机涂层,利用光学显微镜和电化学测量系统研究了有机涂层的形貌及其耐蚀性能.结果表明,Nafion/聚吡咯有机涂层的厚度随着浸镀次数的增加几乎不变,且Nafion/聚吡咯有机涂层降低了镁的耐蚀性能;而Nafion/DMSO有机涂层的厚度则随着浸镀次数的增加而线性增加,并且Nafion/DMSO有机涂层能有效地改善镁的耐蚀性能,耐蚀性能随着涂层厚度的增加而提高.与无涂层的试样相比,耐蚀性能最高提高18倍.     

基于ARM的远程电子表决网络基站的设计与实现

设计并实现了一种应用于远程电子表决系统的网络基站.该基站硬件上以嵌入式ARM为基础,扩展了具有以太网和CAN总线功能的外设;软件上移植了嵌入式操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ和TCP/IP协议栈LwIP,实现了以太网和CAN总线驱动,以及应用程序,成功完成其通信枢纽的作用.     

基于LPC2210的供热计量仪表设计

为提高供暖系统中热量计量的准确性,设计了以热计量为主要功能的嵌入式智能仪表。在该热量表中嵌入了ARM高速微处理器LPC2210及其外围电路作为主控制器,采用μC／OS-Ⅱ操作系统管理各项任务,提高了系统的实时性。在温度采集中采用两个具有高精度的数字温度传感器DS18B20,分别承担进出口的温度采集,并直接把所测的温度值转换成数字量用二进制方式表示,使得测温方便直观且精度高。通过RS232总线实现远程抄表功能以及更加准确的城区热负荷监控,便于热力公司对供热量的有效管理。     

基于ARM的多自由度控制装置研究

为满足微小型车辆和机器人控制实时性及功能扩展性的需求,设计了一种控制装置,能实现某小型履带式车前后行进、转向和天线升降、旋转等多个自由度的控制。文中分析了被控对象,提出控制装置的软硬件设计方案,以ARM7为微处理器,以μC／OS-Ⅱ嵌入式实时操作系统为软件平台。介绍了微处理器模块、传感器模块、执行模块和遥控模块,实现了系统的PID控制算法及基于MiniGUI的图形用户界面程序开发。控制装置可满足对控制实时性和智能化的要求,具有操作灵活、界面友好、功耗低、体积小等特点,为小型车辆和机器人的控制系统设计提供了一种新颖的方法。     

Electrodeposition of bismuth telluride films from a nonaqueous solvent

The author examines Bi₂Te₃ deposition from a DMSO solution containing TeCl₄ and Bi(NO₃)₃ × 5H₂O by means of cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM). Accumulated charges and related mass changes for Bi₂Te₃ deposition on working electrodes are measured in situ. The deposit composition is more dependent on Te⁴⁺ concentrations in DMSO solution than on the potential. In a DMSO solution containing 0.01 M Te⁴⁺ and 0.0075 M Bi³⁺, Bi₂Te₃ deposits were obtained in the potential range between −0.2 and −0.8 V vs. Ag/AgCl. In a DMSO solution containing 0.05 M Te⁴⁺ and 0.0375 M Bi³⁺, Te-rich deposits were formed from −0.2 to −0.8 V vs. Ag/AgCl.     

A comparison of antioxidant properties between artisan‐made and factory‐produced chocolate

The antioxidant capacities and the total phenolic content in cocoa liquor directly manufactured chocolate from an artisan manufacturer were measured using different in vitro methods (BR, TEAC, and Folin–Ciocalteu Reagent). These parameters were then compared with those of a chocolate made by a leading manufacturing company producing chocolate and cocoa‐containing products. A statistical analysis of the collected data showed that the antioxidant properties of the artisan‐made chocolate are significantly better than those of the factory‐produced one. These results were ascribed to the fact that all the bioactive components in the cocoa beans are better preserved in the artisan‐made chocolate.     

苯-噻吩-二甲基亚砜体系等压汽液相平衡研究

采用汽液双循环相平衡仪测定了101.33 k Pa下苯-噻吩、苯-二甲基亚砜及苯-噻吩-二甲基亚砜的等压汽液相平衡数据。两组二元体系实验数据均通过了Herington面积法的热力学一致性检验,分别采用NRTL和UNIQUAC活度系数模型对二元体系实验数据进行热力学关联,得到了相应的模型参数,温度偏差和汽相组成偏差,关联结果表明两种模型均能较好的关联实验数据,其中UNIQUAC模型的关联结果稍优于NRTL。利用二元体系UNIQUAC模型参数预测三元体系汽液平衡数据,预测值与实验值相比,平均温度偏差1.37 K,汽相各组分平均绝对偏差均在3%以内,获得了较优的预测结果,从而为工业上苯-噻吩萃取精馏分离过程提供可靠的热力学基础数据。     

聚丙烯腈原丝中二甲基亚砜残留对碳纤维性能的影响

通过对水洗条件的改变,考察了PAN原丝中溶剂二甲基亚砜残留量对碳纤维性能的影响。在原丝中溶剂残留量较高的情况下,碳纤维的密度和强度大幅下降,同时原丝的截面形状和表面形态遭到破坏,影响了碳纤维的性能。