充分发育烟叶失水特性及烘烤失水调控初报

对成熟烟叶采收后失水基本规律及烘烤过程失水与品质研究表明,烟叶失水干燥特征曲线表现出“近等速—减速—再减速”特征,烟叶失水明显减慢的临界含水率在３００％～３５０％区域。烘烤过程失水环境不同,烟叶失水速度可在４．３～２６．８ｇ．ｋｇ－１．ｈ－１之间变异。在皖北烟区若依靠自然通风进行排湿烘烤充分发育烟叶,绑竿密度以每标准竿６０～８０片为宜,而且采用低温低湿烘烤利于烤房内不同棚次烟叶协调失水。在变黄期,烤房底棚烟叶失水量下、中、上三个部位分别以占鲜烟重４０％、３０％、２７％为宜,失水速度平均值下、中、上三个部位可按１１．０、７．５、６．８ｇ．ｋｇ－１．ｈ－１左右调控。若变黄期烟叶失水适宜,定色期失水速度调控的关键是在升温适宜条件下将湿球温度控制在３７～３８℃。     

Effects of leachate infiltration and desiccation cracks on hydraulic conductivity of compacted clay

Both cracks in clay liner and the complex composition of landfill leachate might have effects on the hydraulic conductivity of a compacted clay liner. In this study, the hydraulic conductivities of natural clay and bentonite-modified clay with and without desiccation cracks were measured, respectively, using three types of liquids as permeating liquid: 2 500 mg/L acetic acid solution, 0.5 mol/L Ca Cl2 solution, and tap water. When tap water was adopted as the permeating liquid, desiccation cracks resulted in increases in the average value of hydraulic conductivity: a 25-fold increase for the natural clay and a 5.7-fold increase for the bentonite-modified clay. It was also found out that the strong selfhealing capability of bentonite helped to reduce the adverse impact of cracks on hydraulic performance. In contrast to tap water, simulated leachates(acetic acid and Ca Cl2solutions) show no adverse effect on the hydraulic conductivities of natural and bentonite-modified clays. It is concluded that desiccation cracks and bentonite have more significant effects on hydraulic performance than simulated leachates.     

Optimum deposition for sub-aerial tailings disposal: concepts and theories

Mineral and energy production produces large volumes of tailings that are generally disposed of on the Earth's surface. How to minimize their environmental impact and reduce the storage volume of the tailings has become a major concern of mining operations. In addition, the pressure on the optimal use of water resources, especially in arid regions, is a critical issue. Therefore, how to maximize recycling of the process water is an important concern for mine operations in these regions. The sub-aerial deposition technique is a promising method for dealing with these problems. Although this technique has existed for decades, its use still involves technical challenges. Among these, an important concern is the selection of the optimum deposition parameters to yield the best desiccation results. A rational method for evaluating the optimum depositional parameter for design of sub-aerial tailings disposal is proposed. In this paper the concepts of sub-aerial tailings disposal are presented. The physical process of sub-aerial deposition and a one-dimensional model of the sedimentation, consolidation and desiccation of sub-aerially deposited tailings are described in detail.     

Soil desiccation rate integration into empirical dust emission models for polymer suppressant evaluation

Dust constitutes an environmental and human health menace in many regions of the world. The rate of soil desiccation is a significant determinant of the availability of fine soil particles for entrainment in air as dust. Dust suppressants such as polymer solutions can reduce soil desiccation rate, thereby reducing dust emission factor. Herein, a dust emission estimation methodology that involves the integration of desiccation time curves to find the average desiccation rate is formulated. This is combined with soil characteristics, stressor (environmental and possibly vehicle) characteristics and liquid content in soil to estimate potential emission factors. Using this methodology, the dust suppression potential of aqueous polyethylene oxide (PEO) solution was investigated experimentally with Na-montmorillonite (Na-mmt) as the model dust-generating material. PEO with a molecular weight of 8 x 10(6) and at aqueous concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 10 g/L, was mixed with 10 g of Na-mmt (surface area=31.82+/-0.22 m2/g) and desiccated for 700 h in a specially designed chamber at 25 degrees C and 30% relative humidity. The results show that generally, aqueous PEO is superior to distilled water as a dust suppressant for Na-mmt at concentrations in the range of 0.5-2.0 g/L. The experimental data obtained are introduced into the formulated estimation methodology, and potential emissions of dust from PEO-admixed Na-mmt are determined.