模糊综合评判法用于肝豆状核变性症的临床分型研究

肝豆状核变性症(Wilson 氏病)首发症状形式变样而常导致诊断困难和误诊。鉴于本病症状极其复杂多变,和各病型之间的分类又无明确的关系,故试用模糊数学的理论和方法对本病分型进行初步研究。在计算机上,采用逐次调整步长选择最优权系分配进行评判,回判率达85%—97%。结果表明此法有效可行。     

From organ-on-a-chip towards body-on-a-chip

Organ-on-a-chip technology aims to reproduce the key physiological features of human organs and tissues, even complex actions of multi-organ interaction. While organ-on-a-chips at single-organ level has made notable achievement during the last decade, multi-organ-on-a-chips, which manifests unique advantages, has started gathering attention only recently. In this viewpoint, we discuss the current status of organ-on-a-chip technology, with a specific emphasis on multi-organ-on-a-chip. Key technological advances contributing to the maturation of the field, and challenges that need to be addressed before wider adoption in relevant fields are discussed. We will share our perspectives on how the multi-organ-on-a-chip can improve the drug development process.     

基因和排列熵在阿尔茨海默病早诊中的研究应用

由于阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer’s Disease,AD）发病率高且不可逆,所以AD早诊尤为重要。已有研究发现AD患者与载脂蛋白E（Apolipoprotein E,APOE）有关,复杂度也有变化。可将复杂度用于AD诊断中,但其分类性能有待进一步提高。以排列熵（Permutation Entropy,PE）为指标,探讨了不同基因型的AD患者复杂度变化模式,研究了APOE载体的正常对照组（Normal Control,NC）、早期轻度认知损害（Early Mild Cognitive Impairment,EMCI）、晚期轻度轻度认知损害（Later Mild Cognitive Impairment,LMCI）和AD与未携带者脑信号复杂度的差异,提取显著差异脑区的PE值作为特征向量,根据基因型分别训练不同的分类器。结果表明,加上基因信息后可以96.67%的准确率区分EMCI与NC,且EMCI与LMCI的分类正确率由40.35%提高到88.24%,显著提高了AD早诊的正确率。     

具有异构感染率的僵尸网络建模与分析

僵尸网络作为共性攻击平台,采用目前先进的匿名网络和恶意代码技术为APT攻击提供了大量有效资源。为了有效控制僵尸网络的大规模爆发,需研究其构建规律。考虑到在传播过程中僵尸网络的不同区域具有不同的感染率,结合疾病传播模型,提出了一种具有异构感染率的僵尸网络传播模型。首先,通过对僵尸网络稳态特征的分析,使用平均场方法从动力学角度研究了其传播特性;然后,在BA网络中通过模拟实验来分析异构感染率如何影响僵尸网络的传播阈值。实验结果表明, 该模型更符合真实情况,且僵尸程序传播阈值和异构感染率的关系与节点数量无关。     

Annotating the Literature with Disease Ontology

With the rapid growth of inquiry in biomedicine concerning diseases, the recognition of diseases becomes especially important. But only the recognition of the biomedical concepts in literature is not enough, annotations and normalizations of the concepts with normalized Metathesaurus get even more important. This paper proposes a system to annotate the literature with normalized Metathesaurus. First, a two-phase Conditional random fields (CRFs) is used to recognize the disease mentions, including the location and identification. Then, the paper adapts the Disease ontology (DO) to annotate the diseases recognized for normalization by computing the similarity between disease mentions and concepts. According to the similarities, the disease mentions are denoted as disease concepts and instances distinctively. The experiments carried out on the Arizona disease corpus show that our system makes a good achievement and outperforms the other works.     

福州市区道路桥头跳车病害与治理技术探讨

本文叙述了福州市道路桥头跳车现状与病害，分析了病害的产生原因，提出设计见解。     

Tau Cleavage Contributes to Cognitive Dysfunction in Strepto-Zotocin-Induced Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease (sAD) Mouse Model

Tau cleavage plays a crucial role in the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), a widespread neurodegenerative disease whose incidence is expected to increase in the next years. While genetic and familial forms of AD (fAD) occurring early in life represent less than 1%, the sporadic and late-onset ones (sAD) are the most common, with ageing being an important risk factor. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of streptozotocin (STZ)—a compound used in the systemic induction of diabetes due to its ability to damage the pancreatic β cells and to induce insulin resistance—mimics in rodents several behavioral, molecular and histopathological hallmarks of sAD, including memory/learning disturbance, amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation, tau hyperphosphorylation, oxidative stress and brain glucose hypometabolism. We have demonstrated that pathological truncation of tau at its N-terminal domain occurs into hippocampi from two well-established transgenic lines of fAD animal models, such as Tg2576 and 3xTg mice, and that it’s in vivo neutralization via intravenous (i.v.) administration of the cleavage-specific anti-tau 12A12 monoclonal antibody (mAb) is strongly neuroprotective. Here, we report the therapeutic efficacy of 12A12mAb in STZ-infused mice after 14 days (short-term immunization, STIR) and 21 days (long-term immunization regimen, LTIR) of i.v. delivery. A virtually complete recovery was detected after three weeks of 12A12mAb immunization in both novel object recognition test (NORT) and object place recognition task (OPRT). Consistently, three weeks of this immunization regimen relieved in hippocampi from ICV-STZ mice the AD-like up-regulation of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the tau hyperphosphorylation and neuroinflammation, likely due to modulation of the PI3K/AKT/GSK3-β axis and the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activities. Cerebral oxidative stress, mitochondrial impairment, synaptic and histological alterations occurring in STZ-infused mice were also strongly attenuated by 12A12mAb delivery. These results further strengthen the causal role of N-terminal tau cleavage in AD pathogenesis and indicate that its specific neutralization by non-invasive administration of 12A12mAb can be a therapeutic option for both fAD and sAD patients, as well as for those showing type 2 diabetes as a comorbidity.     

Cyanobacteria,Cyanotoxins, and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Dangerous Liaisons

The prevalence of neurodegenerative disease (ND) is increasing, partly owing to extensions in lifespan, with a larger percentage of members living to an older age, but the ND aetiology and pathogenesis are not fully understood, and effective treatments are still lacking. Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are generally thought to progress as a consequence of genetic susceptibility and environmental influences. Up to now, several environmental triggers have been associated with NDs, and recent studies suggest that some cyanotoxins, produced by cyanobacteria and acting through a variety of molecular mechanisms, are highly neurotoxic, although their roles in neuropathy and particularly in NDs are still controversial. In this review, we summarize the most relevant and recent evidence that points at cyanotoxins as environmental triggers in NDs development.     

Complex Systems Architecture

Neil Spiller reveals the complexity of architectural systems to us, or is it the complexity of the architectural mind? For Spiller, the potential of a single notation as a seed for a truly ecological architecture provides an essential catalyst, triggering a multifaceted musing that takes in diagrams, Paul Preissner's new competition entry for the Taiwan Centre of Disease Control and his future work with Dr Rachel Armstrong on complex biological systems. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于高阶最小生成树的脑网络分析及对阿兹海默氏症患者的分类

利用静息态功能磁共振成像技术来研究大脑的功能连接网络是当前脑疾病研究的重要方法之一。这种方法能准确地检测包括阿兹海默氏症在内的多种脑疾病。然而,传统的网络只是研究两个脑区之间相关程度,而且缺乏对大脑区域之间更深层次的交互信息和功能连接之间关联程度的研究。为了解决这些问题,提出了一种构建高阶最小生成树功能连接网络的方法,该方法不仅保证了功能连接网络的生理学意义,而且研究了网络中更复杂的交互信息,提高了分类的准确率。分类结果显示,基于高阶最小生成树功能连接网络的静息态功能磁共振成像分类方法大幅提高了阿兹海默氏症检测的准确率。