芯壳乳液胶粘剂的研究

介绍乙酸乙烯酯－丙烯酸丁酯－丙烯酸芯结构乳液的制备方法，并将它们的性能与均匀共聚乳液作了测试与比较。     

New catalyst systems for the polymerization of acetylene

The catalytic activities of WCI₆Ph₄Sn, MoCl₅Ph₄Sn and tetrabenzyltitanium were examined in the polymerization of acetylene. The structure, morphology and electrical conductivity of the doped and non doped polyacetylene were also studied.     

Reversible addition fragmentation transfer (RAFT) polymerization of styrene in a miniemulsion: A mechanistic investigation

The RAFT polymerization of styrene in miniemulsion using 1-phenylethyl phenyl-dithioacetate (PEPDTA) as a RAFT agent was investigated, in attempt to reveal the mechanism for the often observed inferior performance such as low polymerization rate, broad molecular weight distribution and particle size distribution in the RAFT miniemulsion polymerization with regular levels of surfactant and co-stabilizer (1 wt% sodium dodecyl sulfate and 2 wt% hexadecane). It is strongly evident that a few of large oligomer particles consisting of oligomer, RAFT agent (RAFT agent refers to the original RAFT agent), and monomer would be formed in the early stage of the polymerization due to the superswelling of the first nucleated droplets. With the regular levels of surfactant and co-stabilizer, the observed low polymerization rate, broadened molecular weight distribution, slow conversion of the RAFT agent, lower N_p, and broadened particle size distribution could be well explained by the formation of these large oligomer particles and their prolonged existence. When the formation of the oligomer particles was suppressed by increasing surfactant and co-stabilizer levels and wise selection of types of RAFT agent, the molecular weight distribution could be narrowed to around 1.3 and particle size distribution could be close to that of the conventional non-living miniemulsion polymerization.     

三聚氰胺甲醛树脂合成与性能的研究

本文针对三聚氰胺甲醛树脂合成与性能上存在的几个问题，从理论和实践上进行了讨论。     

交联型单分散聚苯乙烯微球的制备

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）为分散剂，偶氮二异丁腈（AIBN）为引发剂，乙醇为分散介质，二乙烯基苯（DVB）为交联剂进行了苯乙烯（St）的分散聚合；讨论了引发剂、交联剂、分散剂、单体用量对聚合物粒径及分布的影响，制备了交联型单分散聚苯乙烯微球。实验表明：当交联剂质量分数达到单体质量分数的1％时，微球依然可以保持良好的单分散性。在聚合体系中引入抗坏血酸，使其与微量的氧结合，有效地提高了微球的均匀度。     

EBR胶乳凝胶的控制及其对ABS树脂冲击性能的影响

主要讨论了摩尔质量调节剂，延长后期反应时间，提高后期反应温度，过硫酸钾用量等对乙烯－丁二烯橡胶（EBR）胶乳凝胶的影响；同时讨论了低凝胶条件和高凝胶条件下凝胶对ABS树脂性能的影响。结果表明：低凝胶条件,ABS树脂的冲击性能随凝胶质量分数的增加而增加；高凝胶条件下，则随凝胶质量分的增加而降低，得到了EBR胶乳生产中凝胶的主要控制方法，并通过控制EBR胶乳凝胶来实现对ABS树脂冲击性能的控制。     

乳液聚合导致一种新的转相过程

借助电导率仪、光学显微镜和亚微粒子分析仪等测试手段。研究了乳液聚合导致一种新的转相过程,并用于八甲基环四硅氧烷的聚合中。研究表明:体系以 W/O 相态开始,单体由连续相向水相(分散相)内的胶束中扩散并发生聚合反应,形成 O/W/O 复合乳液。反应过程中连续相体积不断减小,分散相(O/W 复相)体积不断增大,当达到某一临界相比时,体系发生转相,转相后乳液为 O/W。对本实验物系,转相点临界相比主要由初始水油比和乳化剂浓度决定。同常规的乳液聚合相比,伴有转相现象的乳液聚合有其自身的特点,转相使得聚合速率、聚合物粒径及分布、乳液稳定性等发生变化。     

Polypyrrole composite membrane with high permeability prepared by interfacial polymerization

Novel polypyrrole (PPy)/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite membrane was prepared by interfacial polymerization to make a very effective gas separation membrane. We found that Polymerized PPy films as thin as ～200 nm could be chemically synthesized as freestanding membranes by using the interfacial polymerization technique. Additionally, we show that difference morphology of PPys films was obtained by controlling polymerization rate and more dense films were formed at low polymerization rate. Wide X-ray diffraction study showed the d spacing value of the PPy film decreased from 4.89 å to 3.67 å by the rate of polymerization decreases. According to d spacing value decrease, selectivity of a PPy composite membrane was increased dramatically and permeability was reduced gradually. This high selectivity was derived from d spacing closed to the kinetic diameter of nitrogen. These results indicated that the permeability is controlled by the diffusion coefficient, reflecting the packed structure of the PPy film. The highest selectivity value of composite membrane that was prepared by interfacial polymerization was O₂/N₂=17.2 and permeability for O₂ was 40.2 barrer.     

Aqueous heterophase polymerization of styrene—a study by means of multi-angle laser light scattering

An online multi-angle laser light scattering study of ab initio surfactant-free styrene emulsion polymerization reveals unexpected results regarding the development of the dispersity during the whole reaction starting from mixing styrene and water at reaction temperature. The experimentally observed change in the dispersity, which is an indirect measure of the average characteristic size of the colloidal objects, allows the identification of three characteristic intervals. During interval A the equilibration of styrene in water is characterized by the formation of styrene domains, which increase in number and size until an equilibrium state is reached. This means that there is virtually no homogeneous/molecular styrene in water solution but rather nanodroplets of about 200 nm in diameter (assuming spherical shape) are formed. During interval B, after initiation of the polymerization and particle formation, the dispersity increases again as the average size decreases and the number of scattering objects increases. The polymer particles suck up the monomer from the monomer nanodroplets, which leads to the disappearance of the nanodroplets and to a decrease in the average size. During interval C the average size increases again due to the predominantly growth of the polystyrene particles.     

Investigation into the effect of carboxylic acid monomer on particle nucleation and growth in emulsifier-free emulsion copolymerization of styrene-butadiene-acrylic acid

Latexes of carboxylated styrene-butadiene rubber were prepared via batch emulsion copolymerization with different amounts of acrylic acid in the absence of emulsifier. The effect of acid monomer was investigated in the particle formation and growth. It was observed that the amount of acrylic acid strongly affected the particle formation. The number of particles and thus polymerization rate increased with increasing of the acid content. There was no significant difference in the polymerization rate per particle in all experiments. The results show that in this case particle growth process is less dependent on the acrylic acid amount in comparison with its influence on nucleation stage and then particle number. Several parameters such as polymerization rate and number of latex particle per unit volume of the aqueous phase were calculated. Attempt was made to evaluate the average number of growing chain per particle. Also average particle diameter of the above carboxylated SBR latexes was obtained through some calculations from the direct measurement of average particle diameter in the swollen state by light scattering technique for the first time.