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41.
特超稠油污水回掺降粘集输工艺 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
通过对河南古城油田BQ10区特超稠油乳状液的室内试验分析,指出该种乳状液的实际相突变点为68%左右,当相浓度Φ≥68%时,以W/O型为主的乳状液突变为以O/W型为主的乳状液.乳状液变型后,原油与管道内壁之间的摩擦以及原油之间的摩擦转变为水与管道内壁及水与水之间的摩擦,从而大幅度降低其粘度和摩阻损失;通过对古城BQ10区特超稠油区块单元内部污水回掺降粘集输的现场试验,证明与室内试验分析得出的结论相符合,说明区块单元污水回掺不同于常规的掺热水,也不同于掺联合站处理过的净化污水,它优于单井掺稀油.最后指出该工艺可有效地降低井站回压,方便生产管理,降低开采成本,提高采油效率和经济效益,具有低耗节能的优点. 相似文献
42.
硅化腐植酸钠GFN-1的研制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对目前生产腐植酸硅化产品原料受限的缺点,在大量试验的基础上,确定了一条以腐植酸和硅化剂为主要原料的生产工艺,合成了一种与有机硅腐植酸钾(OSAM-K)性能相当的硅化腐植酸钠产品GFN-1,对其常规性能指标和在清水及无固相聚合物钻井液体系中、在膨润土浆和低固相钻井液体系中应用指标,耐温性能进行了对比实验。实验结果表明,GFN-1作为钻井液添加剂,具有良好的降滤失、降黏、耐温及热稳定性,并兼有优良的控制页岩分散能力,其大多数应用性能相当于或略优于OSAM-K,作为替代品完全能够满足油田现场应用的需要。GFN-1的硅化原料性质稳定、来源广泛,生产工艺简单易行,产品质量稳定,具有较好的推广价值。 相似文献
43.
将复配的分散剂加入重油中制备得到重油纳米颗粒,采用氧弹热值对比法对所研制的纳米化重油进行实验室评价。研究结果表明,纳米化后的重油燃烧性能得到了改善,在掺水量为3%~12%时,重油的燃烧效率提高了2.5%~6.1%。通过TEM观察,纳米化后的重油呈水包油(O/W)型乳液结构,油水界面清晰,界面膜较厚,乳化油粒径约为20~50nm,油水分散均匀,并且分散后的重油粘度增幅小,掺水量在15%以内,粘度增幅不超过20%,并且随着掺水量的增加,乳化重油的粘度逐渐减少。另外,乳化重油稳定性好,室温下至少可保存6个月,在80℃下存放3天未发生破乳现象。 相似文献
44.
45.
Kazutaka Chibana Chaedong Kang Masashi Okada Koji Matsumoto Tetsuo Kawagoe 《International Journal of Refrigeration》2002,25(2):83
Water-silicone oil emulsion with an additive, (C2H5O)3SiC3H6NH2, was examined as a heat storage material. A spiral tube used as a heat exchanger was immersed in a low temperature bath and the emulsion was circulated in the tube to make ice continuously. Ice was separated from the ice–liquid suspension in an outlet tank. The amount of formed ice, the temperatures of the inlet and the outlet of the heat exchanger, and the temperatures in the tube wall were measured and the overall heat transfer coefficient and the heat flux through the tube were calculated. Experiments were carried out, varying the flow rate, the temperature of cooling brine, and the thickness of tube wall. The condition under which slurry ice was formed continuously without adhesion of ice to the cooling wall was clarified. Though decrease in the thermal resistance of the tube increased the rate of ice formation or raised the brine temperature, it narrowed the range of the flow rate and of the brine temperature in which slurry ice was formed continuously. 相似文献
46.
47.
The viscoelastic properties of a three-arm and a four-arm star polybutadiene with the same arm molecular weight (Ma) were studied. The zero-shear recoverable compliance (J0e) and plateau modulus (G0N) for these stars are the same. The zero-shear viscosity (η0) of the three-arm star is 20% lower than that of the four-arm star. Mixtures of the stars had J0e and G0N unchanged. A mixture of the three- and four-arm star was diluted with a low molecular weight linear polybutadiene. G0N∝ø2; J0e∝ø?1 and Me∝ø?1, as expected for dilution with a θ-solvent. 相似文献
48.
An oscillating cup viscometer was developed to measure the absolute viscosities of molten metals. Previous experiments established the capability of the apparatus to characterize the viscosities of molten nickel-based superalloys. However, modifications to the instrument and its theoretical analysis were required for reliable measurements on molten aluminum alloys, presumably due to their lower densities and lower viscosities. The theoretical literature for the fluid flow inside an oscillating cup is reviewed, and a working equation without any correction factor is developed for the improved viscometer. Some design parameters of the viscometer that directly affect the accuracy of viscosity estimation by using the working equation are discussed. A special vertical furnace was adopted to uniformly heat a longer cylindrical sample (10 mm inner diameter and 120 mm length) with a temperature difference of less than 2°C over the sample length. The measuring procedure was also improved to get more accurate motion parameters. It is estimated that the working equation and improved instrument provide an uncertainty of less than 4%. In addition, applications and experimental data are presented for pure aluminum and three aluminum alloys: A201, A319, and A356. 相似文献
49.
50.
JOHANNA C.M. JACOBS† JACQUES H. HOUBEN† TON VAN VLIET‡ PIETER S. VAN ROON† BEREND KROL† 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》1994,29(3):321-329
A specially designed tube viscometer was used to measure apparent viscosity during flow of Bologna type sausage emulsions moving through a pipe. Emulsions varied in fat content (from 21.8 to 44.3%) and in moisture/protein ratio (from 3.7 to 5.6), and the effects of added sodium chloride, sodium diphosphate, starch and blood plasma were investigated in a 36% fat, 3.7 moisture/protein emulsion.
The shear stresses determined as a function of shear rate were fitted by a power law. Yield stress of the emulsions was negligible relative to the applied stress. However, inspection of the flow profiles indicated that considerable slip of the sausage emulsion occurred at the pipe wall. Both emulsion flow and slip contribute to overall flow behaviour, so a kind of effective viscosity is determined. Intrinsic rheological properties and wall slip will both be affected by the composition of the sausage emulsion. 相似文献
The shear stresses determined as a function of shear rate were fitted by a power law. Yield stress of the emulsions was negligible relative to the applied stress. However, inspection of the flow profiles indicated that considerable slip of the sausage emulsion occurred at the pipe wall. Both emulsion flow and slip contribute to overall flow behaviour, so a kind of effective viscosity is determined. Intrinsic rheological properties and wall slip will both be affected by the composition of the sausage emulsion. 相似文献