Feeding stimulatory and inhibitory chemicals from an acceptable nonhost plant forManduca sexta: Improved detection by larvae deprived of selected chemosensory organs

The chemical basis of feeding responses to the acceptable nonhost plantVigna sinensis (cowpea) by larvae ofManduca sexta was investigated using chemical isolation techniques directed by a novel chemosensory-based bioassay. The presence of feeding stimulatory and inhibitory compounds in leaves or leaf extracts was determined in a two-choice preference test using leaf disks or glass fiber filter paper disks laced with leaf extract as test substrate and filter paper disks laced with water as control. Larvae strongly prefer the control disks over leaf disks, indicating the presence of feeding inhibitory compounds in the leaf. An ethanol extract of both fresh and dried leaves neither stimulated nor inhibited feeding. The cause of this inactivity was examined by using larvae that respond strongly to either feeding stimulatory or inhibitory compounds due to selective chemosensory deprivation. Larvae having chemosensory organs remaining only on the maxillary palps are stimulated to feed by whole leaf disks and by the ethanol extracts. In contrast, larvae having only the medial and lateral maxillary sensilla styloconica and the epipharyngeal sensilla remaining are strongly inhibited by whole leaf disks and the ethanol extract of fresh leaves. Thus, the ethanol extract contains both feeding stimulatory and inhibitory compounds, which elicit opposite behavioral effects in unoperated larvae, therefore nullifying any stimulatory and inhibitory activity. These compounds can only be demonstrated by using discrimination-enhanced larvae in the choice tests. Further isolation of the feeding stimulatory principle inV. sinensis yielded two separate fractions of neutral compounds, suggesting at least two different chemicals belonging to two different classes: nonpolar and polar lipids. Feeding inhibitory chemicals have apparently polar properties because strong activity was found in the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of dried leaves. The role of feeding stimulatory and inhibitory compounds in food selection ofM. sexta larvae is discussed.     

当归净油抗衰老及抗炎祛痘功效的体外实验研究

通过人真皮成纤维细胞(HDF-a)模型,考察了当归净油对细胞分泌Ⅰ型胶原蛋白(Col-Ⅰ)的影响。结果表明,当归净油在最大安全质量浓度25 mg/L时,能有效增加HDF-a细胞分泌Col-Ⅰ达33.5%。利用痤疮丙酸杆菌刺激人急性单核细胞THP-1,建立了特异性痤疮炎症细胞模型,考察当归净油对细胞分泌炎症因子人白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)的影响。结果表明,当归净油最大安全质量浓度为12.5 mg/L,此时对痤疮丙酸杆菌诱导的THP-1细胞炎症因子IL-1β分泌抑制率高达94.51%,当质量浓度减半为6.25 mg/L时,抑制率为64.34%。当归净油作为一种芳香性中草药,有望成为抗衰老及抗炎祛痘的个人护理天然原料,在化妆品中得到进一步开发和利用。     

TCF BLEACHED PULPS FROM MISCANTHUS SINENSIS BY THE IMPREGNATION RAPID STEAM PULPING (IRSP) PROCESS

ABSTRACT

The production of bleached cellulose pulps from elephant grass (Miscanthus sinensis) via a two-stage soda pulping process and a TCF bleaching sequence is evaluated in this work. The impregnation rapid steam pulping process (IRSP) involves impregnating of the lignocellulosic material with the pulping liquor, withdrawing the excess liquor and rapidly steaming the impregnated material at 180–200°C for a short time. In this paper the process variables and their effect on the kappa number, yield and viscosity of the unbleached pulps are discussed. Bleaching by an ozone-based TCF sequence was tested, and the papermaking properties of the bleached pulp were determined. A kappa number of 19 was obtained by impregnating at an alkali charge of 30 + 0.1% anthraquinone carboxylic acid (AQCA) and pulping at 180°C for only 15 min. Kappa was reduced to 16 by extending pulping time to 26 min. The alkali consumption during impregnation and pulping was 10.2 g NaOH/100 g of dry Miscanthus. Screened pulp yield, viscosity and brightness for this pulp were 54.6%, 913 mL/g and 37.3%, respectively. After bleaching, the pulp had an ISO brightness of 87.4% and a viscosity of 700 mL/g. Refining in a PFI mill provided optimal strength properties of the bleached pulp at 4500 revolutions (71°SR): breaking length 7.2 km, tensile index 72 N m/g, and burst index 4.3 kN/g. Tear index was 7.9 mN m²/g at this degree of refining.     

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Occurrence and Toxicity in Camellia sinensis and Herbal Tea

ABSTRACT

This study describes a survey of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations in 23 green, herbal, and black tea brands widely consumed in Nigeria by determining the levels of benzo[a]pyrene, chrysene (PAH2), benzo[a]pyrene, chrysene, benz[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene (PAH4), benzo[a]pyrene, benz[a]anthracene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, dibenz[ah]anthracene, benzo[ghi]per-ylene and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (PA-H8). Toxic equivalence factor and mutagenic equivalence factor were applied to evaluate the toxic equivalence and mutagenic equivalence quotients relative to benzo[a]pyrene. The concentrations of PAHs indicate that Regulation 835/2011/EC was not fulfilled by benzo[a]anthracene, B[a]A, benzo[a]pyrene, B[a]P, benzo[b]fluoranthene, B[b]F, and chrysene, CHR. The PAH4 levels ranged from 1.28 to 44.57, 4.34 to 11.20, and 0.76 to 34.82 µg/kg in green, black, and herbal tea products, respectively. On the other hand, the PAH8 concentration varied between 1.63 and 65.73, 5.02 and 68.83, and 12.43 and 24.92 µg/kg in green, herbal, and black tea samples. The PAH4 and PAH8 provide more reliable indicators for determination of PAH contamination and risk characterization in food than PAH2.     

HPLC法检测中药洗发水中阿魏酸的含量

建立了一种中药洗发水中阿魏酸含量的检测方法。采用高效液相色谱法,通过单因素考察,筛选出提取洗发水中阿魏酸成分的最佳条件,并通过正交设计试验,确定最佳提取工艺。结果发现,洗发水中阿魏酸的最佳提取工艺为：料液比为1：7,溶剂为100％乙醇,超声提取时间为10min。在此条件下,洗发水中阿魏酸的提取含量最高。本方法为检测当归洗发水中有效成分的含量提供了依据。     

生物信息学方法筛选华支睾吸虫成虫功能基因——钙调神经磷酸酶B亚基样蛋白

目的本文通过建立华支睾吸虫成虫cDNA文库,筛选其功能基因。方法应用SMART方法构建华支睾吸虫成虫cDNA文库,进行大量EST测序,然后应用生物信息学方法将EST序列与GenBank中登陆的序列进行同源性比对、序列拼接及基因完整性判断;并应用NCBI上的RPSBLAST对所筛选基因的保守域进行搜索比对,利用PredictProtein分析、预测其功能域及二级结构。结果从华支睾吸虫成虫cDNA文库中筛选的钙调神经磷酸酶B亚基样蛋白(CsCBLP)基因,经同源性分析,CsCBLP与褐家鼠钙调神经磷酸酶(CaN)同源性为53%,与尾刺耐格里原虫CaNB同源性为40%,与新小杆线虫属结合蛋白的同源性为51%;保守域的比对及功能域、二级结构的预测显示所筛选的CsCBLP是钙调神经磷酸酶B亚基的的类似物,属于钙结合蛋白家族。结论应用生物信息学方法从华支睾吸虫成虫cDNA文库中筛选出钙调神经磷酸酶B亚基样蛋白基因。     

气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用法分析当归挥发油中化学成分

当归是名贵中药,挥发油是当归的主要活性成分。本文采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取当归挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)法定性定量分析了当归根的挥发油。通过质谱库检索得到其中41个组分的定性定量结果,占挥发油总含量的93.65%。     

当归、甘草、芦荟美白护肤霜的研制

以中草药中常见的中草药当归、甘草、芦荟为初始原料,从中提取出有效成份作为美自护肤霜的天然添加剂,研制成水包油型的膏霜类高级化妆品,探讨了配制工艺对美白护肤霜效果的影响,并对美自护肤霜的性能进行了评价,证明产品具有良好的美白功效,质量符合要求。     

阳极氧化铝纳米结构协同当归多糖对乳腺癌细胞生长的影响规律研究

系统的研究了不同周期的纳米凹坑和纳米柱孔氧化铝膜表面直接修饰当归多糖（ASP）或通过γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷（KH550）共价连接修饰ASP后,乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231在其表面生长的细胞形态和活性规律。研究发现,当归多糖直接修饰纳米凹坑和纳米柱孔结构能够有效抑制乳腺癌细胞的活性,对细胞形态影响较小。但纳米凹坑结构的细胞活性抑制效果优于纳米柱孔结构,纳米凹坑在300 nm周期时具有最优的细胞活性抑制效果,抑制率为27.7%。用KH550共价修饰ASP的纳米凹坑和纳米柱孔结构对细胞活性的抑制效果要优于直接修饰ASP时的抑制效果,细胞形态也发生了明显的变化,胞体周围生成大量板状伪足。纳米凹坑结构上的细胞活性抑制效果要优于纳米柱孔结构,纳米凹坑在300 nm周期时抑制效果最佳,抑制率为28.2%。该结果对于药物的设计以及输运具有一定的指导作用。     

当归、甘草、芦荟美白护肤霜的研制

以常见的中草药当归、甘草、芦荟为初始原料,从中提取出有效成分作为美白护肤霜的天然添加剂,研制成水包油型的膏霜类高级化妆品,探讨了配制工艺对美白护肤霜效果的影响,并对美白护肤霜的性能进行了评价,证明产品具有良好的美白功效,质量符合要求。