原油的族组成对原油加降凝剂处理效果的影响

本文总结多年来降凝剂的研究工作，阐述了原油的族组成对原油加剂处理的影响。     

油层矿物对蒸汽作用下稠油组成与粘度变化的影响

实验考察了辽河田曙光采油厂的两种稠油在有和无油层岩心存在时水热裂解反应产物的差别,裂解反应温度240℃,反应时间24小时,油层岩心岩石矿和粘土矿物组成已知,作为对照,还考察了相同条件下的热裂解反应产物。实验结果表明该油层矿物对低含硫稠油的水热裂解有催化作用,与单纯水热裂解结果相比,有油层矿物参与的水热裂解使两种稠油的饱和烃芳香烃组分含量增加,胶质,沥青质组分含量减少,稠油平均相对分子质量略有下降,沥青质组分的平均相对分子质量有较大幅度下降,气体（H2,C1－C3烷烃,CO2及H2S）生成量增加,两种稠油的粘度（初始值88．5和124．3Pa.s)在水热裂解后分别下降13．4％和10．6％,在油层矿物参与下水热裂解后则分别下降25．6％和23．4％,这一实验研究结果有助于研制高效的稠油水热裂解催化剂。     

Temporal changes in the remote sensing reflectance at Lake Vänern

The Aerosol Robotic Network - Ocean Color (AERONET-OC) instrument located at the Pålgrunden site in Lake Vänern provides values of remote sensing spectral reflectance R_RS(λ) since 2008. These in situ R_RS(λ) indicated a temporal increase from 2015 at center-wavelengths in the green and red spectral regions. To investigate the environmental and climate processes responsible for this increase, water color trends in Lake Vänern were analyzed considering in situ limnological measurements, meteo-climatic quantities and additionally satellite-derived data products from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer on board the Aqua platform (MODIS-A). Satellite ocean color R_RS(λ) data assessed against in situ R_RS(λ) from the Pålgrunden site showed satisfactory agreement at a number of spectral bands. Relying on these validation results, comprehensive statistical analysis were performed using MODIS-A R_RS(λ). These indicated periodical changes between 2002 and 2021 with clear minima occurring between 2010 and 2013. The complementary analyses of temporal changes characterizing limological and meteo-climatic quantities, and also relationships between these quantities and R_RS(λ), indicated the existence of complex and concurrent bio-geochemical processes influencing water color in Lake Vänern. In particular, significant correlations were observed between R_RS(λ) and turbidity, and also between R_RS(λ) and total biovolume. Additionally, an early warming of Lake Vänern surface waters was identified since spring 2014. This occurrence could potentially affect the vertical mixing and water exchange between turbid coastal and pelagic waters with implications for phytoplankton phenology.