超薄型高速钢片铣刀的热处理

文中对厚度小于０．２０ｍｍ的超薄型高速钢片铣刀的热处理工艺进行了探讨，实践证明，对超薄型高速钢片铣刀采用套筒法进行等温处理是一种性能可靠。操作简便、经济易行的热处理工艺．     

Inhibition of salvinia (Salvinia molesta Mitchell) by parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.). I. Effect of leaf residue and allelochemicals

Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) leaf residue (LP, leaf powder) inhibited salvinia (Salvinia molesta Mitchell) biomass and the number of healthy fronds at 0.25% (w/v) and killed the treated plants at and above 0.75% (w/v) in about 5–15 days, depending on the quantity of the residue. At the lethal dose, the LP caused an abrupt desiccation of above-water plant parts, probably due mainly to root dysfunction. This was concurrent with the loss of dehydrogenase activity in, and an increase in solute leakage from, the roots and loss of chlorophylla, b, and total chlorophyll contents in the fronds, resulting in death of the treated plants. The LP appears inhibitory to salvinia through affecting macromolecules—proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. The inhibitory activity of LP at the lethal dose suspended in water was completely lost when allowed to stand for 30 days under outdoor conditions and promoted growth of the salvinia plants placed in it. The standard allelochemicals, including those present in parthenium LP, except parthenin andp-hydroxybenzoic acid, did not inhibit growth up to 100 ppm. However, parthenin andp-hydroxybenzoic acid killed salvinia plants at 100 and 50 ppm, respectively. Sincep-hydroxybenzoic acid is unlikely to be present at such a high concentration, parthenin appears to be one of the main allelochemicals responsible for the inhibitory effect of parthenium leaf residue on salvinia.A portion of this work was presented at the International Symposium on Weed Management for Sustainable Agriculture held at C.C.S. Haryana Agricultural University, Hissar, India, November 18–20, 1993.     

微波处理提取烟叶叶绿素的研究

采用微波辐射处理烟叶提取烟叶叶绿素，通过L9（3^4）正交试验优化了烟叶叶绿素的提取工艺，最佳工艺参数为烟叶微波辐射60S，提取液固液比1：8（烟叶（g））：（乙醇（mL）），提取温度60℃，提取时间30min，提取率可达81．529／6．实验结果表明：微波辐射处理烟叶可提高烟叶叶绿素提取率并且缩短提取时间．     

Enhancement of pasta antioxidant activity with oregano and carrot leaf

Five different pasta formulations were prepared using different concentrations of carrot leaf meal (CLM) and oregano leaf meal (OLM). One control formulation (wheat flour and semolina, 70:30 w/w) and four other formulations were prepared using the following amounts of leaf meals: 5% CLM and 5% OLM (I), 10% CLM (II), 10% OLM (III), and 10% CLM, 10% OLM (IV). The highest content of alpha-linolenic acid was found in formulations II and IV, which also had a reduced n-6/n-3 ratio, 3.6 (IV), when compared to the control, which was 19.8. All the samples enhanced with leaf meals showed antioxidant activity by the DPPH radical method; however, it was higher in formulation IV, which was the same observed for phenolic compounds. Pasta added with leaf meals lost more solubles, had shorter cooking time and a lower weight increase than the control pasta. All formulations had significant sensory acceptance.     

竹叶中有效成分的提取条件及抗氧化活性的研究

本文研究了竹叶抽提物的抽提条件与抗氧化性能的关系 ,并对其抗氧化性能进行测试和分析。结果显示 ,竹叶抽提物具有很强的抗氧化活性 ,实验表明和维生素 C的抗氧化性能相当。经正交实验得到参考工艺参数 :乙醇浓度 (v/ v) 5 0 % ,抽提时间 16小时 ,抽提温度为溶剂沸腾温度 (84℃ )。     

Effects of process variables on kinetics of methylene blue sorption onto untreated guava (Psidium guajava) leaf powder: Statistical analysis

The sorption of methylene blue onto untreated guava leaf powder has been studied. The kinetics of sorption of methylene blue is described by pseudo-second-order model. Effects of initial dye concentration, solution temperature, and adsorbent dosage have been studied. The pseudo-second-order rate constant has been correlated as a function of the system variables. Statistical tools like Student's t-test, F-test, ANOVA and lack of fit have been employed to determine the significance of each coefficient that appeared in the model. Model adequacy has been checked by residual distribution. The proposed model explains 95.1% of the total variation in the response.     

Isolation of a hydroxytyrosol-rich extract from olive leaves (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Olea Europaea</Emphasis> L.) and evaluation of its antioxidant properties and bioactivity

In this research, a phenol extract of high hydroxytyrosol (OLPE) content was obtained from olive leaves (Olea europaea L.), and subsequently tested under different contexts. The method used to obtain the OLPE basically involved two steps: the use of strongly-acid aqueous steam, generated from 10% HCl (v/v) at 100°C, to directly hydrolyse the native complex phenols from integral olive leaves, and OLPE recovery by liquid–liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. Hydrolysis time was 1 h. Finally, the dried extract was dissolved in distilled water. The OLPE total phenols were determined by Folin–Ciocalteu’s method and by HPLC analysis. Hydroxytyrosol was about 92% of the total phenols present in OLPE, and the yield was about 0.2% on fresh leaves. OLPE showed antioxidant effects on different food lipids and did not inhibit lactic acid bacteria growth; however, it showed cytotoxicity on NIH/3T3 fibroblasts and human umbilical vein endothelial cells at concentrations higher than 0.32 mM (as hydroxytyrosol).     

Some physicochemical and functional properties of alfalfa soluble leaf proteins

Important physicochemical and functional properties of soluble leaf proteins (SLPs) from alfalfa herbage are presented. Subunits molecular weight (MW) distribution, denaturation temperature, and functional properties like, emulsification, foaming, and solubility are discussed. SLP concentrates were prepared by acid precipitation, and ultrafiltration of clarified alfalfa juice. The MW of major soluble protein component ribulose 1,5, bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase was estimated to be around 490 kDa. Denaturation temperature of soluble proteins was observed to be around 70-75 °C. Most of the functional properties were affected by concentrate preparation. Acid-precipitated SLP concentrate showed lowest emulsifying properties and nitrogen solubility. Heat stability of emulsions was good. Foam overrun for SLP concentrate depended on pH and was stable around protein's isoelectric point. Stress relaxation tests on 7/100 g SLP gels indicated that they were softer gels and relaxed faster compared to 13/100 g WPI gels. SLP preparations showed encouraging functional properties.     

烟草叶片无性繁殖研究

从５～８叶期壮苗截取烟草完整叶片，置（３０±５）℃沙床遮阴保湿培养，６～２４天从主叶脉伤口附近生出许多不定根，移栽后在阳光下能独立存活，并于伤口附近发生新芽，继而发育成完整植株。繁殖系数为１４～４０。     

通过平均功率法提高抽油机系统效率

探讨了抽油机平衡度与抽油机系统效率的影响关系,同时分析了抽油机平衡调整的本质和终极目标,提出了一种新的抽油机平衡调整方法——通过对电机功率曲线进行付立叶分析而确定平衡块重心位置的方法。在现场对47口抽油机电机功率曲线进行付立叶分析后实施了调整措施;系统效率提高了3.05%,达到了油田增产降耗、延长系统使用寿命、降低操作成本的目的。