Influence of recycled aggregates and high contents of fly ash on concrete fresh properties

This study presents the fresh properties of concrete with supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) and recycled concrete aggregates (RCA), with emphasis on the feasibility of using high volumes of fly ash (FA) in RCA concrete. For this purpose, two mix families (0% coarse RCA and 100% coarse RCA) were produced, both with and without superplasticizers (SP). The coarse natural aggregates (NA) were replaced with coarse RCA at 0% and 100%, respectively. For each of the mentioned families, three incorporation levels (0%, 50% and 100%) of fine RCA were used with 0%, 30% and 60% of FA, resulting in 28 compositions. Each mix was tested in the fresh state by means of slump, density and air content. The results of this study show that RCA decreased the slump of concrete mixes, but the required water content can be minimized by incorporation FA. Regardless of the water absorption of the aggregates, for a given fine RCA incorporation ratio and the same ratio of FA, no increase in water content is required to obtain the same target slump as in the reference concrete. On the other hand, for a given coarse RCA incorporation ratio, a five times lower FA ratio is enough to obtain the same target slump as in the reference concrete. Air voids in concrete mixes were more affected by the shape of the aggregates than by their water absorption. The air content of concrete mixes increased as the incorporation levels of FA and RCA increased. However, in comparison with the individual effects, the air content decreased by combining the incorporation of both FA and RCA. Moreover, the rate of reduction in fresh density by increasing the incorporation of RCA and FA was similar in concrete mixes with and without SP.     

Microwave drying optimization and kinetic modeling of fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration

As a kind of hazardous waste, municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI FA) needs to be stored in a dry state in the process of landfill, transportation, and comprehensive utilization. Therefore, from the perspective of safety and sustainable development, it is necessary to dry as the pretreatment of MSWI FA. In this paper, MSWI FA drying experiments were carried out under different microwave power, different initial moisture content, and different particle size distribution conditions. The drying characteristics of MSWI FA were explored and the thin-layer drying kinetic model was used to explore the basic theory of the dynamics of MSWI FA drying process for the first time. The fitting analysis of the experimental data showed that the drying efficiency of MSWI FA increases gradually with the increase of microwave power and fly ash particle size, and the drying process of MSWI FA could be well represented by the Diffusion approach model (R² greater than 0.99). Through Fick's second law calculation, it was found that when the microwave power was increased from 400w to 800w, the surface diffusion coefficient increased from 1.11 × 10^-12 m²/s to 2.92 × 10^-12 m²/s, which further showed that the microwave power has a significant effect on the drying efficiency of MSWI FA.     

水中肠贾第氏鞭毛虫孢囊和隐孢子虫卵囊的检测

详细介绍了检测水中肠贾第氏鞭毛虫孢囊和隐孢子虫卵囊的仪器设备、试剂及方法，并对长江原水；黄浦江原水及相关出厂水进行了检测；在长江原水和所有出厂水中均未检出隐孢子虫卵囊，在黄浦江上游原水中检出极少量肠贾第氏鞭毛虫孢囊，而在下游水中检出的孢囊较多。     

基于萤火虫算法的脑效应连接网络学习方法

脑效应连接网络学习是人脑连接组研究的一个重要研究课题,准确识别脑效应连接网络对于脑疾病的早期诊断以及病理研究具有重要意义.本文将萤火虫算法与贝叶斯网相结合,提出了一种带有繁殖机制的脑效应连接网络萤火虫学习方法.新方法使用K2评分作为目标函数来衡量萤火虫个体的绝对亮度,利用萤火虫种群的寻优来完成脑效应连接网络的学习,并利用繁殖机制对种群实施进一步的优化.首先将一种仅含少数边的脑效应连接网络表示成一个萤火虫个体,并通过萤火虫个体的定向移动操作以及随机移动操作逐步构建脑效应连接网络;然后每经过一定代数的寻优后,萤火虫种群执行一次繁殖过程,以优化效应连接网络的质量.最后,当算法收敛时,将萤火虫种群中绝对亮度最高个体所代表的网络结构作为学习到的最优脑效应连接网络.在多组模拟数据集上的实验结果验证了新算法中繁殖机制的有效性,且与其它算法相比,新算法具有明显优势.在真实数据上的实验也表明了算法的潜在实用性.     

基于情景感知的低交互移动双因素认证系统

针对传统双因素认证缺乏可用性的问题,本文提出了一种基于情景感知的低交互移动双因素认证系统.用户通过本系统登录网站时,除输入用户名和口令外,只需点击令牌程序的认证键即可完成认证,平均登录时间不超过5秒.同其它可用性加强的移动双因素认证系统相比,本系统能够抵抗同一环境下的攻击者,而且支持用户手机浏览器进行网站登录.最终安全分析和实验结果证实了本方法的有效性.     

CO2 binding capacity of alkali-activated fly ash and slag pastes

Quantification of the CO₂ binding capacity of reinforced concrete is of high importance for predicting the carbonation potential and service life of concrete structures. Such information is still not available for alkali activated materials that have received extensive attention as a sustainable substitute for ordinary Portland cement (OPC)-based concrete. To address this gap, this paper evaluates the CO₂ binding capacity of ground powders of alkali activated fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) pastes under accelerated carbonation conditions (1% v/v CO₂, 60% RH, 20?°C) for up to 180 days. The CO₂ binding capacity, the gel phase changes, and the carbonate phases are investigated with complementary TG-DTG-MS, FT-IR and QXRD techniques.Five mixtures with different FA/GBFS ratio are considered. CEM I and CEM III/B pastes are also studied to provide a baseline for comparisons. The results showed that the alkali-activated pastes have a lower CO₂ binding capacity in comparison to cement-based pastes. Furthermore, alkali-activated pastes have similar CO₂ binding capacity regardless of the FA/GBFS ratio. It was observed that the silicate functional groups corresponding to the reaction products in the pastes were progressively changing during the first 7 days, after which only carbonate groups changed. It was also found that the CO₂ bound in the alkali-activated pastes occurs to a substantial extent in amorphous form.

First Application of Newly Developed FT-NIR Spectroscopic Methodology to Predict Authenticity of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Retail Products in the USA

Economically motivated adulteration (EMA) of extra virgin olive oils (EVOO) has been a worldwide problem and a concern for government regulators for a long time. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is mandated to protect the US public against intentional adulteration of foods and has jurisdiction over deceptive label declarations. To detect EMA of olive oil and address food safety vulnerabilities, we used a previously developed rapid screening methodology to authenticate EVOO. For the first time, a recently developed FT-NIR spectroscopic methodology in conjunction with partial least squares analysis was applied to commercial products labeled EVOO purchased in College Park, MD, USA to rapidly predict whether they are authentic, potentially mixed with refined olive oil (RO) or other vegetable oil(s), or are of lower quality. Of the 88 commercial products labeled EVOO that were assessed according to published specified ranges, 33 (37.5%) satisfied the three published FT-NIR requirements identified for authentic EVOO products which included the purity test. This test was based on limits established for the contents of three potential adulterants, oils high in linoleic acid (OH-LNA), oils high in oleic acid (OH-OLA), palm olein (PO), and/or RO. The remaining 55 samples (62.5%) did not meet one or more of the criteria established for authentic EVOO. The breakdown of the 55 products was EVOO potentially mixed with OH-LNA (25.5%), OH-OLA (10.9%), PO (5.4%), RO (25.5%), or a combination of any of these four (32.7%). If assessments had been based strictly on whether the fatty acid composition was within the established ranges set by the International Olive Council (IOC), less than 10% would have been identified as non-EVOO. These findings are significant not only because they were consistent with previously published data based on the results of two sensory panels that were accredited by IOC but more importantly each measurement/analysis was accomplished in less than 5 min.     

流化床气相沉积法纳米修饰粉煤灰及其早期水化特征

分别采用NaOH和Na2SO4饱和溶液为改性材料,利用流化床气相沉积(FBR-VD)方法对粉煤灰(FA)颗粒进行表面修饰.通过水泥净浆和砂浆试验,测试分析FBR-VD方法对FA火山灰活性、水泥净浆需水比和砂浆流动度的影响;通过水化热试验考察不同改性方法对水泥净浆、砂浆早期水化程度的影响;通过扫描电镜及能谱分析(SEM-EDS)研究不同改性材料对粉煤灰颗粒的修饰效果及其火山灰反应机理.结果表明:FBR-VD方法能够将改性材料的纳米微粒修饰于FA表面,相比直接掺加改性材料,经FBR-VD方法修饰的FA掺入水泥后,其净浆、砂浆早期活性指数提高5%~10%;水化热测试结果印证了水泥净浆强度的变化规律,NaOH主要通过促进水泥的水化产物聚集在FA颗粒表面来提高其与水泥石结构的结合力,Na2SO4则通过锚固于FA表面的晶体,增加其与周围水泥石结构的摩擦力,同时促进水泥的水化并吸附较多的水化产物,即通过物理与化学的双重作用来提高其火山灰活性.     

Authentication of Iberian dry-cured ham: New approaches by polymorphic fingerprint and ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry

Foods with high added value, such as Iberian dry-cured products, are susceptible to fraud. Many attempts have been made to differentiate the commercial/quality categories of Iberian dry-cured hams by analytical determinations. However, as discrimination by such means is not fully reliable, legislation to prevent fraudulent practice is based on administrative controls and certification. Here, new analytical approaches based on ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry (UHRMS) and crystallographic techniques applied to the lipid fraction, in combination with chemometrics, are studied. The results of the triacylglycerol profile determined by UHRMS and the fingerprint provided by the thermograms obtained by differential scanning calorimetry offer the promise of analytic discrimination of Iberian dry-cured ham categories. In addition, these determinations, in combination with chemometrics, may prove extremely useful to authenticate many foods containing high to moderate amounts of lipids.     

减水剂作用下粉煤灰活性激发基本系统中石灰形态因素的研究

论述粉煤灰－石灰－硫酸盐系统中石灰采用生石灰时,减水剂对粉煤灰活性激发起到了负效应;当以等ＣａＯ当量的熟石灰代替生石灰,减水剂对粉煤灰活性激发具有良好正效应,并对其原因进行了初步探讨。