Lipid content and fatty acid profile of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup, 1858) juveniles as affected by feed containing different amounts of plant protein sources

A growth trial with Senegalese Sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup, 1858) juveniles fed with diets containing increasing replacement levels of fishmeal by mixtures of plant protein sources was conducted over 12 weeks. Total fat contents of muscle, liver, viscera, skin, fins and head tissues were determined, as well as fatty acid profiles of muscle and liver (GC-FID analysis). Liver was the preferential local for fat deposition (5.5–10.8% of fat) followed by fins (3.4–6.7% fat). Increasing levels of plant protein in the diets seems to be related to increased levels of total lipids in the liver. Sole muscle is lean (2.4–4.0% fat), with total lipids being similar among treatments. Liver fatty acid profile varied significantly among treatments. Plant protein diets induced increased levels of C16:1 and C18:2 n−6 and a decrease in ARA and EPA levels. Muscle fatty acid profile also evidenced increasing levels of C18:2 n−6, while ARA and DHA remained similar among treatments. Substitution of fishmeal by plant protein is hence possible without major differences on the lipid content and fatty acid profile of the main edible portion of the fish – the muscle.     

9FA机组压气机运行缺陷及其现场处理

介绍了PG9351FA燃气轮机压气机在运行中出现的缺陷及GE公司的处理方案,以及在GE公司的处理方案没有实施之前,为保证机组安全运行根据现场实际情况制定的临时处理方案。通过实际运行,取得了一定的效果。     

Novel,Rapid Identification,and Quantification of Adulterants in Extra Virgin Olive Oil Using Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics

A new, rapid Fourier transform near infrared (FT‐NIR) spectroscopic procedure is described to screen for the authenticity of extra virgin olive oils (EVOO) and to determine the kind and amount of an adulterant in EVOO. To screen EVOO, a partial least squares (PLS1) calibration model was developed to estimate a newly created FT‐NIR index based mainly on the relative intensities of two unique carbonyl overtone absorptions in the FT‐NIR spectra of EVOO and other mixtures attributed to volatile (5280 cm^?1) and non‐volatile (5180 cm^?1) components. Spectra were also used to predict the fatty acid (FA) composition of EVOO or samples spiked with an adulterant using previously developed PLS1 calibration models. Some adulterated mixtures could be identified provided the FA profile was sufficiently different from those of EVOO. To identify the type and determine the quantity of an adulterant, gravimetric mixtures were prepared by spiking EVOO with different concentrations of each adulterant. Based on FT‐NIR spectra, four PLS1 calibration models were developed for four specific groups of adulterants, each with a characteristic FA composition. Using these different PLS1 calibration models for prediction, plots of predicted vs. gravimetric concentrations of an adulterant in EVOO yielded linear regression functions with four unique sets of slopes, one for each group of adulterants. Four corresponding slope rules were defined that allowed for the determination of the nature and concentration of an adulterant in EVOO products by applying these four calibration models. The standard addition technique was used for confirmation.     

条并卷联合机工艺设计及生产实践

从棉条并合数、牵伸倍数、压力、出条速度等方面分析影响条并卷机棉卷质量的因素,得出精梳准备工序着眼点应放在纤维结构和成纱质量方面.     

Effect of increasing amounts of a linoleic-rich dietary fat on the fat composition of four pig breeds. Part III: Triacylglycerol composition in muscle and fat tissues

Here, we study the triacylglycerol (TAG) profile of four different tissues of the pig (backfat, abdominal fat, and muscles trapezius and longissimus thoracis et lumborum). For this purpose, 48 pigs of four breeds (Landrace, Large White, Duroc and a crossbreed Landrace × Duroc) were given one of four diets containing increasing amounts (0%, 2%, 4% and 8%) of a fat blend rich in linoleic acid. The effects of dietary fat and breed on TAG were tested separately for each tissue, and the results are presented using five TAG composition markers, PLL, PStO, PStL, PStSt and OOO. The increasing linoleic acid content provided by diets 1–4 showed a positive effect on the levels of TAG related to this dietary supply (here represented by PLL), and on those of PStL. This increase was at the expense of TAGs containing mainly fatty acids from de novo synthesis (represented by PStO) and in PStSt and OOO. A comparison of the relative % of change for the five selected TAG markers in the distinct tissues indicates that PLL and PStL show much higher increases in muscle than in adipose tissues, whereas PStO and PStSt show similar percentages of decrease in all tissues. OOO showed a higher % of decrease only in trapezius. Results indicate that the breed has a null or scarce effect on the levels of PLL and PStO. For the remaining TAG markers, Large White showed a higher synthesis of saturated TAG (PStSt and PStL) in fat tissues, but not in muscle. Large White also had the lowest levels of OOO in all tissues, being the breed most susceptible to the changes in dietary linoleic acid content. Moreover, the Landrace showed enhanced deposition of monounsaturated TAG in trapezius muscle and abdominal fat.     

Amino acids,fatty acids,and dietary fibre in edible seaweed products

The nutritional compositions of 34 edible seaweed products of the Laminaria sp., Undaria pinnatifida, Hizikia fusiforme and Porphyra sp. varieties were analyzed.     

Load frequency control of power system under deregulated environment using optimal firefly algorithm

In this paper, a novel Firefly Algorithm (FA) optimized hybrid fuzzy PID controller with derivative Filter (PIDF) is proposed for Load Frequency Control (LFC) of multi area multi source system under deregulated environment by considering the physical constraints such as Generation Rate Constraint (GRC) and Governor Dead Band (GDB) nonlinearity. As the effectiveness of FA depends on algorithm control parameters such as randomization, attractiveness, absorption coefficient and number of fireflies are systematically investigated, the control parameters of FA are tuned by carrying out multiple runs of algorithm for each control parameter variation then the best FA control parameters are suggested. Additionally, the superiority of the FA is demonstrated by comparing the results with tuned Genetic Algorithm (GA). To investigate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, time domain simulations are carried out considering different contracted scenarios and the comparative results are presented. Further, sensitivity analysis is performed by varying the system parameters and operating load conditions. It is observed from the simulation results that the designed controllers are robust and the optimum gains of proposed controller need not be reset even if the system is subjected to wide variation in loading condition and system parameters. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is evaluated under random step load disturbance.     

Exposure or release of ferulic acid from wheat aleurone: Impact on its antioxidant capacity

The relationship between the aleurone cell integrity and the exposure or release of bioavailable ferulic acid (FA) with the antioxidant capacity of aleurone in in vitro and under simulated gastric conditions was explored. The antioxidant capacity of aleurone was increased by around 2-fold when its median particle size was reduced to under 50 μm. The opening of aleurone cells increased the physical exposure of FA bound to the insoluble polysaccharides, which seemed to be responsible of the increased antioxidant capacity. Synergistic combination of xylanase and feruloyl esterase was found to be the most efficient enzymatic treatment releasing up to 86% of total FA in bioaccessible forms. This enzymatic treatment significantly enhanced the radical scavenging activity of aleurone by up to 4-fold, which overlapped the overall antioxidant potential estimated from the total content of FA in aleurone. The improvement in the antioxidant capacity of aleurone was also observed in the simulated gastric digestion by inhibition of lipid oxidation.     

Fuel properties of Brassica juncea oil methyl esters blended with ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel

Brassica juncea is a drought-tolerant member of the Brassicaceae plant family with high oil content and a short growing season that is tolerant of low quality soils. It was investigated as a feedstock for production of biodiesel along with evaluation of subsequent fuel properties, both neat and in blends with petroleum diesel fuel. These results were compared against relevant fuel standards such as ASTM D6751, EN 14214, ASTM D975, EN 590, and ASTM D7467. Crude B. juncea oil was extracted from unconditioned seeds utilizing a continuous tubular radial expeller. The oil was then chemically refined via degumming, neutralization and bleaching to render it amenable to direct homogeneous sodium methoxide-catalyzed transesterification. The principal fatty acid detected in B. juncea oil was erucic acid (44.1%). The resulting biodiesel yielded fuel properties compliant with the biodiesel standards with the exception of oxidative stability and kinematic viscosity in the case of EN 14214. Addition of tert-butylhydroquinone and blending with soybean oil-derived biodiesel ameliorated these deficiencies. The fuel properties of B5 and B20 blends of B. juncea oil methyl esters (BJME) in ultra-low sulfur (<15 ppm S) diesel (ULSD) fuel were within the ranges specified in the petrodiesel standards ASTM D975, EN 590 and ASTM D7467 with the exception of derived cetane number in the case of EN 590. This deficiency was attributed to the inherently low cetane number of the certification-grade ULSD, as it did not contain performance-enhancing additives. In summary, this study reports new fuel property data for BJME along with properties of B5 and B20 blends in ULSD. Such results will be useful for the development of B. juncea as an alternative source of biodiesel fuel.     

有源配电网的馈线自动化效果评价方法

随着分布式能源和可再生能源技术的广泛研究与应用以及信息通信技术和电力电子技术的同步发展,传统被动单向式供电配电网正面临向双向供电的配电网发展的巨大挑战,主动配电网(active distribution network,ADN)(即有源配电网)是解决上述问题的重要方法和手段。然而在有源配电网中传统馈线自动化技术难以保证选择的正确性,需要提供新的更有效的评价方法作为理论基础。针对目前大量分布式能源接入配电网所带来的电网自动化问题,基于有源配电网的特点并从馈线自动化(feeder automation,FA)动作过程与FA动作结果 2个角度来对FA处理效果进行评价,提出有源配电网的馈线自动化评价指标体系及效果评价方法,为将来有源配电网的馈线自动化技术发展提供理论依据。