番茄黄瓜菜汁豆腐加工工艺

以番茄汁、黄瓜汁和大豆为原料研制了色泽美观的天然、营养豆腐,丰富了豆腐的品种,有良好的发展前景。     

不同亲水胶体对蓝莓混汁贮存稳定性的影响

在蓝莓混汁中分别添加单一羧甲基纤维素钠(耐酸性CMC)和复配胶(黄原胶与耐酸性CMC)作为稳定剂,研究单一胶和复配胶对蓝莓混汁在贮存过程中的色泽稳定性和混浊稳定性的影响。结果表明,添加0·4g/L黄原胶和0·8g/L耐酸性CMC的复配胶可以使蓝莓混汁保持较好的色泽和混浊稳定性。文中还通过测定蓝莓混汁的动态流变性质和Zeta电位,初步探讨了蓝莓混汁的贮存稳定机理。     

苹果膳食纤维中半纤维素的化学组成

采用碱法和二甲亚砜法从苹果膳食纤维中提取出4种半纤维素,分别命名为半纤维素A、B、C和E,通过红外分析和电镜扫描对其化学组成和表面微观结构进行了研究。结果表明:苹果膳食纤维中半纤维素由木葡聚糖(半纤维素A)、木聚糖1(半纤维素B)和木聚糖2(半纤维素C)以及半乳甘露聚糖(半纤维素E)等组成,4种半纤维素的表面微观各不相同,木聚糖1颗粒表面呈规则的晶形外观,具有成晶性;木葡聚糖颗粒表面具有很多颗粒状结构,具有一定的成晶性;木聚糖2和半乳甘露聚糖颗粒表面呈不规则形状,不具有成晶性。     

乳酸发酵番茄汁中间生产试验

将筛选出的保加利亚乳杆菌(L. bulgaricus)和嗜热链球菌(Str. thermophilus)应用于乳酸发酵番茄汁的中试生产中。先在20升发酵罐内进行了两批试验,确立了初步的生产工艺流程,然后在500升发酵罐进行了进一步试验,获得了成功,生产出的乳酸发酵番茄汁pH为4.0～4.3,乳酸含量0.7％左右,加蔗糖3％,不添加防腐剂、香精、色素等化学物质。保存半年后经检测,其理化及微生物学指标均符合国家规定标准。申试结果为工业规模生产奠定了基础。     

Anthocyanins remain stable during commercial blackcurrant juice processing

Abstract: It remains important to establish the stability of anthocyanins throughout commercial processing in order to maintain the bioactivity of the processed food/s. The present study aimed to assess the recovery and formation of anthocyanins and their free phenolic acid degradation products during the commercial processing of blackcurrant juice concentrate. A bench‐scale processing model was also established to allow for alteration of predefined parameters to identify where commercial processes could be modified to influence anthocyanin yield. No significant loss in anthocyanins was observed throughout the commercial processing of blackcurrants, from whole berry through milling, to pectin hydrolysis and sodium bisulphite addition (P ≥ 0.7). No significant loss in anthocyanins was observed following the subsequent processing of pressed juice, through pasteurization, decantation, filtration, and concentration (P ≥ 0.9). Similarly, the bench‐scale model showed no significant losses in anthocyanin content except during pasteurization (22%± 0.7%, P < 0.001). In the full‐factorial Design of Experiment model analysis, only sodium bisulphite concentration had an impact on anthocyanin recovery, which resulted in an increase (23% to 27%; P < 0.001) in final anthocyanin concentration. No phenolic degradation products (free protocatechuic acid or gallic acid derived from cyanidin and delphinin species, respectively) were identified in any processed sample when compared to authentic analytical standards, analyzed by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography DAD. Practical Application: This article provides crucial data directly applicable to commercial juice processing, such as improving anthocyanin yield and practical considerations for anthocyanin stability and degradation. This aspect is particularly pertinent considering the current commercial interest in anthocyanin‐derived phenolic acids and their health‐related benefits. Further research and development targets in the area of commercial juice product development are identified.     

天然复合蔬菜汁豆腐的研制

探讨了以番茄汁、黄瓜汁和大豆为原料研制天然、营养的保健豆腐,其制作最佳工艺参数为豆乳浓度１∶８,豆乳、番茄汁比２００∶２６,豆乳、黄瓜汁比２００∶６０,点浆温度８０℃。该产品呈淡绿色,具有黄瓜的清香味和纯正的豆香味,营养更丰富,膳食结构更合理,符合现代食品发展趋势,具有广阔的市场前景     

复合芦笋汁加工工艺研究

以芦笋弃料(笋皮)为原料,经破碎、榨汁后,出汁率为52.5%,含可溶性固形物3.8%。将25%～40%的芦笋原汁与10%～25%苹果原汁复合时,可较好地掩盖芦笋皮带入的苦味,而芦笋特有的清香味不受影响。芦笋原汁35%、苹果原汁15%、白砂糖3%、柠檬酸0.15%、阿斯巴甜0.03%与清水组成复合芦笋汁具有浓郁的芦笋清香味,略带苹果香味,甜酸适口。     

Direct determination of free tryptophan contents in soy sauces and its application as an index of soy sauce adulteration

A simple and rapid HPLC method using UV detector for determination of tryptophan (Trp) contents in pure fermented soy sauces, acid-HVP, and commercial soy sauces was developed. The method requires only simple sample pretreatment. The limit of detection (LOD) is estimated at 1 mg/L (signal-to-noise ratio of 3), and the recovery yields ranged from 92% to 108%. The analysis showed that Trp in all of the analysed acid-HVP samples was not detected and there was obvious detection of Trp (ranged from 136.4 to 261.8 mg/L) in all of the analysed fermented soy sauce samples. The observations suggest that Trp is a practical index of pure fermented soy sauce. The absence of Trp contents or lower level of Trp contents than that in pure fermented soy sauces suggests the soy sauces are not pure fermented soy sauces or presence of soy sauce adulteration. Simultaneous determination of levulinic acid (LV) in samples may be a good help in making assessment of soy sauce adulteration with acid-HVP.     

Decomposition and Transformation of Aroma Compounds and Anthocyanins during Black Currant (Ribes nigrum L.) Juice Processin

ABSTRACT: Processing of black currant juice includes crushing, heating, enzyme treatment, pressing, pasteurization, clarification, and filtration. Changes in concentration of impact aroma compounds and anthocyanins during black currant juice processing in pilot plant scale were examined. Impact compounds were identified by gas chromatography-olfactometry and quantified by dynamic headspace and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. Anthocyanins were analyzed by the pH-differential method. Identified aroma compounds comprised volatiles like esters, terpenes, terpenoids, and ketones. The reduction of aroma compounds and anthocyanins during the process was approximately 50 to 100% and 25%, respectively. The pressing step definitely had a negative effect on the concentration of aroma compounds and anthocyanins, and the heating treatments were mainly negative as well.     

柑桔类果汁的脱苦技术

本文简要介绍了脱除柑桔类果汁苦味的一些技术,这些技术包括:代谢脱苦法、屏蔽脱苦法、吸附脱苦法、酶法脱苦、固定化细胞脱苦、超临界CO2脱苦、超临界CO2脱苦法、膜技术脱苦、基因工程脱苦。