黄曲霉毒素检测方法研究进展

黄曲霉毒素主要是由黄曲霉和寄生曲霉产生的一类次级代谢产物,经常污染粮油原料及其制品,具有强致癌性.介绍了黄曲霉毒素毒性及一些国家和地区的残留限量标准;针对不同基质间组分存在较大差异,概述了液液萃取、超临界流体萃取、固相萃取及免疫亲和柱净化等样品前处理方法;同时对薄层色谱、高效液相色谱、酶联免疫吸附等测定黄曲霉毒素的方法、原理、应用及特点进行了综述;最后分析了黄曲霉毒素检测技术的发展趋势.     

酶制剂在婴儿营养米粉生产中的应用研究

采用酶解技术将组成婴儿米粉的主要成分一淀粉部分水解成糊精和低聚糖、麦芽糖等，从而成功地解决了传统米粉生产工艺中存在的缺陷，对婴儿营养米粉的生产具有参考价值。     

Staling of cereal bran enriched cakes and the effect of an endoxylanase enzyme on the physicochemical and sensorial characteristics

Abstract: The staling of cakes enriched with untreated brans and endoxylanase‐treated brans was evaluated by monitoring the changes in physicochemical, thermal, and sensorial properties of cakes during 7‐d storage. Oat and rice bran were treated with different levels (0, 70, and 700 ppm) of an endoxylanase enzyme and added to cakes on 30% flour weight basis. Moisture losses, water activity, crumb firmness, starch retrogradation, and sensorial characteristics were used as staling indicators. Avrami‐type equations were efficiently used for modeling the starch retrogradation kinetics, while linear models most adequately described crumb firming kinetics. Cake staling induced an increase in crumb firmness and enthalpy of amylopectin retrogradation, and a decrease in crumb moisture and sensory quality and acceptability scores of cakes. Oat bran‐containing cakes better maintained their characteristics compared to the ones containing rice bran along the 7‐d storage. Endoxylanase treatment of brans delayed the changes naturally induced during staling in crumb moisture content, amylopectin retrogradation enthalpy, and crumb firmness in the respective cakes. Deterioration of the sensorial characteristics was slower for the cakes containing endoxylanase‐treated brans, as well. The level of endoxylanase treatment did not differentiate significantly (P < 0.05) any of the staling indicators. Overall, this study demonstrated that addition of endoxylanase‐treated brans can result in cakes with improved nutritional characteristics and increased shelf life. Practical Application: The results of the study show the potential of using enzymes to modify underutilized food sources that can be properly incorporated in baked goods, improving their nutritional value, their quality characteristics, and providing longer shelf life. The developed procedure and results can be utilized by the bakery industry to make high fiber and low cost bakery products with improved sensorial characteristics that are appealing to the consumers.     

五行牛奶的研制

结合中国传统的五行概念以纯牛奶为主要原料,复配谷物和果蔬汁生产五行牛奶。应用正交试验法,确定了适合的配方和适宜的工艺条件,并对产品质量做出评价。结果表明:牛奶、谷物、果蔬汁分别为80%、2%、2%,同时加入4%的白糖和0.2%的稳定剂,可以保证产品具有最佳的感官品质。最佳均质温度为70℃,最佳均质压力为27MPa最佳杀菌方式为138℃下保温5s。以此配方和工艺生产的五行牛奶具有感官品质佳、稳定性好和营养丰富等特点。     

食品法典标准与我国粮油食品标准的比较

本文介绍了食品法典的标准体系和主要内容，并将食品法典中的粮油食品标准与我国粮油食品标准进行了系统的比较，提出了目前我国粮油食品标准体系中存在和亟待解决的一些问题。     

发酵过程中蔬菜化学成分的变化研究

以来自于自然发酵蔬菜的三种乳酸菌为黄瓜发酵菌种，通过控制发酵过程的条件，探讨其理化性质变化及微生物变化规律。结果表明，黄瓜在纯菌接种恒温（38℃）发酵过程中，其pH值逐渐降低、总酸度增高，黄瓜中总糖的含量随发酵时间延长而减少，在发酵约70．5h后趋于稳定而达到发酵终点。该发酵过程黄瓜中亚硝酸盐含量少、亚硝峰出现较快（约70．5h左右）。118．5h后已经下降到很低；在发酵过程中杂菌的生长繁殖被抑制，发酵后期大肠菌群数降的很低；发酵黄瓜中Vc损失小于30％。     

Effect of starter culture, spice mix and storage time and temperature on biogenic amine content of dry fermented sausages

Two types of dry fermented sausage differing in spicing mixture and the diameter (low content of red pepper + diameter 80 mm, H-sausage; high content of red pepper + diameter 55 mm, P-sausage, respectively) were produced in parallel with two different starter cultures (Pediococcus pentosaceus + Staphylococcus carnosus, B-samples and S. carnosus + Staphylococcus xylosus + Lactobacillus farciminis, F-samples, respectively). The sausages were ripened 21 days and subsequently stored 91 days at the room temperature. Concentration of both most abundant amines, putrescine and tyramine (y; mg/kg DM) increased significantly (P<0.01) in HB-sausage during ripening (x; days): y=2.5+18.13x−0.3144x² (R²=0.99) and y=0.7+8.17x−0.1130x² (R²=0.99), and also during storage: y=127.3+5.123x (R²=0.79) and y=26.0+3.211x (R²=0.74), respectively. At the end of ripening, putrescine (247 mg/kg DM) and tyramine (123 mg/kg DM) content in the HB-sausage was higher (P<0.05) than in the PB-sausage (12 and 9 mg/kg DM, respectively), concentration of either of these amines was negligible (1 mg/kg DM) in either type of F-inoculated sausage. Both starter culture and sausage type influenced significantly (P<0.001) both putrescine and tyramine content in the sausage; starter accounted for 57% and 55% of total variability in putrescine and tyramine content, respectively. Due to the significant (P<0.05) increase of total aerobic counts in the HB-sausage between the end of ripening and the 7th day of storage, followed by the significant (P<0.01) increase of the sum of total biogenic amines between the end of ripening (425 mg/kg DM) and the end of storage (1029 mg/kg DM), the storage of the dry fermented sausages at the room temperature should not be recommended.     

The influence of tillage and cropping-intensity on cereal response to nitrogen,sulfur, and phosphorus

Efficient fertilizer use is a prerequisite for achieving optimum crop yield while avoiding environmental contamination. Cereal response to nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), and phosphorus (P) were determined for 6 years under differing tillage [conventional-till (CT) vs. no-till (NT)] and intensity of cropping (cereal/fallow vs. cereal/cereal). Semidwarf white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) alternated yearly with either fallow or spring cereal [barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) or spring wheat] on a Typic Haploxeroll soil in a 415 mm rainfall zone. Fertilizer treatments were no fertilizer (None), N only (N), N plus S (NS), and N plus S plus P (NSP). Average application rate, when applied, was 109 kg N, 18 kg S, and 11 kg P ha^–1. Average cereal yield without fertilizer was 1.82 t ha^–1. Nitrogen increased grain yield in 6 of 6, S in 4 of 6, and P in 3 of 6 years, with P and S response significant the remaining years at the 10% probability level. Average yield increases were 1.11 t ha^–1 for N, 0.93 t ha^–1 for S, and 0.47 t ha^–1 for P. The NT/CT yield ratio was 0.60, 0.75, 0.93, and 0.95 with None, N, NS, and NSP addition, respectively, indicating that N and S deficiency were more severe in no-till. Limited increase in the NT/CT ratio with P addition indicated that P deficiency was less affected by tillage. Winter wheat always yielded less under NT than CT regardless of fertility, whereas spring cereals reached equality when fertilized with NSP. Annually-cropped wheat yielded 52, 67, 89, and 90% of wheat after fallow with None, N, NS, and NSP, respectively. Thus N and S, but not P, deficiency was more intense with increased frequency of cropping. Adequate fertility was a prime prerequisite for efficient yield in all systems.     

果味饮料企业标准制定的必要性和参考文本

本文介绍了我国软饮料及其在QS(质量安全)认证中的申证单元的分类,列举了我国已制定的相关软饮料国家标准和行业标准,分析了制定果味饮料企业标准的必要性,制定了一份果味饮料企业标准参考文本,希望对果味饮料国家标准和相关企业标准的制定具有一定的借鉴和促进作用.     

谷类食品中香料成分快速检测方法研究

对几种不同提取方法研究,发现超声波提取对谷类食品中香兰素和乙基香兰素有较高的提取率和准确度.用这种方法对香兰素和乙基香兰素进行定性定量分析,加标回收率均在92%～106%之间,RSD值在1.08%～3.87%之间,适用于婴幼儿谷类食品中香兰素和乙基香兰素的快速检测.