豆渣小米蛋糕研制

用豆渣粉、小米粉取代部分面粉制成一种新型蛋糕。通过正交实验得出新型蛋糕的最佳配方,该蛋糕纤维含量高、蛋白质营养价值高、有特殊的米香味。     

不同品种黍子营养成分及功能活性成分差异化分析

目的:研究黍子营养及功能活性成分的品种差异化。方法:选取8个品种的黍子,对水分和灰分等基本组分和淀粉、蛋白质、脂肪等营养组分及多酚、黄酮、低聚糖等功能活性成分的含量进行了检测分析。结果表明:不同品种黍子样品中,基本组分水分的变异系数为8.43%,变幅为9.38%~12.39%;灰分的变异系数为23.48%,变幅为0.94%~1.79%。营养组分粗淀粉的变异系数为2.77%,品种间含量较为稳定,但冀张黍1号和安塞黄糜子所含慢消化淀粉和抗性淀粉含量比例相对较高;粗蛋白的变异系数为8.04%,品种之间差异显著(p<0.05),其中龙黍18总氨基酸最高,约为149.06 mg/g,且必需氨基酸可达总氨基酸含量的44.54%;此外,粗脂肪的变异系数为23.23%,品种之间差异显著(p<0.05),其中宁糜9号不饱和脂肪酸占总脂肪酸比例最高,为87.06%。功能活性成分中,总黄酮的含量差异最为显著,变异系数为73.07%,变幅为0.89~10.17 mg/g;总多酚含量变异系数为67.78%,变幅为0.74~3.44 mg/g;同时,低聚糖含量的品种间差异也较大。本研究结果对于保留和选育黍子优良品种及黍子食品和保健品的开发具有指导意义。      

The Integration of Genome-Wide Association Study and Homology Analysis to Explore the Genomic Regions and Candidate Genes for Panicle-Related Traits in Foxtail Millet

Panicle traits are important factors affecting yield, and their improvement has long been a critical goal in foxtail millet breeding. In order to understand the genetic basis of panicle formation, a large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed in this study for six panicle-related traits based on 706,646 high-polymorphism SNP loci in 407 accessions. As a result, 87 quantitative trait loci (QTL) regions with a physical distance of less than 100 kb were detected to be associated with these traits in three environments. Among them, 27 core regions were stably detected in at least two environments. Based on rice–foxtail millet homologous comparison, expression, and haplotype analysis, 27 high-confidence candidate genes in the QTL regions, such as Si3g11200 (OsDER1), Si1g27910 (OsMADS6), Si7g27560 (GS5), etc., affected panicle-related traits by involving multiple plant growth regulator pathways, a photoperiod response, as well as panicle and grain development. Most of these genes showed multiple effects on different panicle-related traits, such as Si3g11200 affecting all six traits. In summary, this study clarified a strategy based on the integration of GWAS, a homologous comparison, and haplotype analysis to discover the genomic regions and candidate genes for important traits in foxtail millet. The detected QTL regions and candidate genes could be further used for gene clone and marker-assisted selection in foxtail millet breeding.     

焦米对番泻叶所致腹泻小鼠的止泻及肠道菌群影响研究

探讨不同小米制品对番泻叶致小鼠腹泻的缓解作用。84只昆明小鼠随机分为7组：正常对照组、模型组、阳性对照组、发酵小米组（6.16 g/kg）、发酵米糠组（2.05 g/kg）、小米粥油组（10.27 g/kg）、米糠粥油组（10.27 g/kg）。采用番泻叶建立小鼠腹泻模型,造模7 d后,除模型组外,其它各组开始为期7 d的治疗,以腹泻指数、脏器指数、血清炎症因子、分泌型免疫球蛋白A（secretory immunoglobulin A,SIgA）水平为指标,并通过小肠切片观察来评价小米制品对腹泻小鼠的影响。结果表明,与模型组相比,小米制品组第13 d小鼠体重显著增加（P<0.05）,腹泻指数显著降低（P<0.05）,发酵米糠、发酵小米和小米粥油组血清炎症因子含量显著降低（P<0.05）,肠粘膜分泌型免疫球蛋白A含量显著升高（P<0.05）,小肠组织切片观察完整程度较好。小米制品中发酵米糠、发酵小米和小米粥油对番泻叶诱导小鼠腹泻有一定的缓解作用,但治疗作用机制及肠道菌群变化仍有待进一步探讨。     

三手指拉拔式红花采摘末端执行器的设计

通过分析人手工采摘红花时人手指所处的形态,提出了三手指拉拔式红花采摘末端执行器的设计方案.通过采收期红花物料拉拔特性的测量与统计分析,确定机械采摘红花所需最大拉拔力,并通过红花植株生物特性分析,设计计算末端执行器采摘手指及其它关键部件.利用运动学仿真分析三手指拉拔式末端执行器在工作过程中夹持力、运动位移和时间的关系,最...     

Plasma treatment on electrode surfaces of bifacial silicon solar cells

To lower the fabrication cost of silicon solar cells, a surface treatment using a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) instead of a wet cleaning technique was examined on electrode surfaces on silicon solar cells. The fill factor obtained through measuring current–voltage characteristics was evaluated, and the treated surface state was characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray. It was found that the DBD effectively activated the electrode surface and the surface treatment on finger electrodes contributed greatly to improve the fill factor.     

益生菌发酵小米浆的工艺优化

以感官评分和菌落总数为评价指标,通过单因素及正交试验对煮制后小米浆的发酵工艺进行优化。结果表明,在浸泡、煮制并打浆后的小米浆中加入白砂糖6.5%、接种4%复合菌种（鼠李糖乳杆菌∶植物乳杆菌=1∶1）、37 ℃条件下发酵28 h,获得的发酵小米浆感官评分和活菌数都较高,分别为87.81分、8.79 lg（CFU/mL）。且发酵后的小米浆还原糖含量、总酚含量、总矿物质释放率和氨基酸态氮含量分别由原来的0.28 g/100 g、0.13 μg/mL、1.28%、6.32 mg/100 g提高至0.66 g/100 g、0.75 μg/mL、5.43%、25.76 mg/100 g。     

Effects of components in culture medium on glutamate decarboxylase activity and γ-aminobutyric acid accumulation in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) during germination

The effects of glutamic acid (Glu), pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP) and calcium chloride (CaCl₂) in culture medium on glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) activity and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulation in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) during germination were investigated in this study. The components in culture medium for GABA accumulation were optimised using response surface methodology (RSM). Results showed that GAD activity and GABA yield were dependent on the addition of Glu, PLP and CaCl₂ into the culture medium. Box–Behnken design indicated that the optimal culture components for GABA accumulation were: Glu at a concentration of 1.2 mg/ml, PLP at a concentration of 50 μM and CaCl₂ at a concentration of 2.5 mM. Under the optimal conditions, the maximal production of GABA (42.9 mg/100 g FW) was obtained. Analysis of variance for the regression model suggested that the model can quite exactly predict GABA accumulation in millet during germination.     

基于GC-IMS技术结合多元统计模型分析不同色泽小米粥挥发性有机物差异

为探究不同色泽小米粥的风味特性,利用气相色谱-离子迁移谱（gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry,GC-IMS）分析市售不同色泽小米（黑、绿、白和黄）蒸煮后米粥的挥发性有机物差异。结果表明,不同色泽小米粥中共鉴定出48种挥发性有机物,其中醛类22种（占68.58%～80.66%）、酮类11种（占6.52%～9.89%）、醇类9种（占5.99%～14.91%）、呋喃类2种（占2.09%～5.66%）、酯类2种（占1.13%～1.72%）和醚类2种（占0.39%～0.69%）。不同色泽小米粥挥发性有机物以醛类、醇类和酮类为主,其次是呋喃、酯类和醚类。黑小米粥中醛类、酮类、酯类相对含量较高,绿小米粥中酮类相对含量最高;白小米粥中醇类和呋喃类相对含量最高;黄小米粥中醛类和酯类相对含量最高。主成分分析和欧氏距离分析显示,GC-IMS挥发性有机物数据可实现不同色泽小米粥样品的较好区分。通过正交偏最小二乘判别分析建立稳定性较好的预测模型,结合变量重要性投影（variable importance in projection,VIP）筛选出13种差异挥...     

小米蛋白的分子组成及结构特性

利用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、扫描电子显微镜、差示扫描量热法以及傅里叶红外光谱（Fourier transform infrared spectrometer,FTIR）对小米中4 种蛋白组分进行结构特性分析。研究表明,醇溶蛋白是由低分子质量亚基（11～25 kDa）构成,而清蛋白、球蛋白和谷蛋白亚基分布较广（11～180 kDa）,其中清蛋白所含亚基数目最多,醇溶蛋白、清蛋白以及球蛋白分子之间连接紧密,以聚集状态存在,而谷蛋白分子连接松散,表面光滑。球蛋白在71.33 ℃条件下发生变性;醇溶蛋白的变性温度最高,达到110.67 ℃。FTIR研究表明,醇溶蛋白、谷蛋白和球蛋白的二级结构主要由β-折叠构成,其含量分别为37.72%、43.39%、42.23%;β-转角以及β-反平行折叠结构含量最丰富的是醇溶蛋白,分别为16.64%和12.73%。4 种蛋白组分结构含量差异显著（P＜0.05）。