金针菇多糖保健饮料的工艺研究

以优质金针菇为主要原料,使用现代化设备提取金针菇多糖,经复配制得保健饮料.通过试验确定金针菇多糖保健饮料的最优工艺条件为:金针菇多糖溶液浓度达到2mg/ml,蜂蜜、白砂糖、柠檬酸、CMC-Na添加量分别为1％、7％、0.2％、0.1％.     

金针菇和茶树菇中非挥发性成分分析

对金针菇和茶树菇中非挥发性成分进行研究,对2种食用菌非挥发性成分甘露醇、核苷酸、游离氨基酸进行对比分析。结果表明:金针菇中甘露醇含量明显高于茶树菇;茶树菇中呈鲜味的核苷酸及氨基酸含量明显高于金针菇。金针菇和茶树菇在非挥发性成分上存在较大差别,茶树菇中非挥发性成分较金针菇丰富;非挥发性成分的差异是引起金针菇和茶树菇感官差别的主要原因。     

金针菇与茶树菇挥发性成分的研究

采用同时蒸馏萃取法分别提取金针菇和茶树菇子实体的挥发性成分,经GC-MS分析,分别鉴定出32种和31种挥发性成分;主要为酚类和醛类。金针菇主要成分有2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚、苯乙醛、5-甲基呋喃醛、2-甲基苯酚、2,5-二乙基吡嗪、吲哚;茶树菇主要成分有2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚、2-戊基-呋喃、苯乙醛、苯乙醇、2-甲基-庚烷、吲哚。     

金针菇腌制保鲜工艺技术研究

通过对金针菇腌制保鲜工艺技术的试验研究,获得了相关的工艺技术条件.结果表明金针菇清洗过程中用0.02％～0.05％焦亚硫酸钠溶液或0.3％～0.5％柠檬酸液进行护色较适宜;烫煮杀青适宜条件为采用0.2％柠檬酸液,处理7 min,菇水比1 ∶ 3;短时间保藏宜采用12％％～15％低盐腌制,长时间保藏宜采用20％以上高盐腌制;腌制过程中用柠檬酸调pH达到3.5～4.0,使金针菇色泽更佳,保藏性更好.     

Folate composition of 10 types of mushrooms determined by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

White button, crimini, shiitake, maitake, enoki, oyster, chanterelle, morel, portabella, and uv-treated portabella mushrooms were sampled from U.S. retail outlets and major producers. Folate [5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-CH₃-H₄folate), 10-formyl folate (10-HCO-folate), 5-formyltetrahydrofolate (5-HCO-H₄folate)] was analysed using a validated LC–MS method in four composites of each product, including an in-house mushroom control composite and a reference material (BCR 485 Lyophilised Mixed Vegetables). Chanterelle and morel had the lowest total folate (2–6 μg/100 g), oyster had the highest (mean, 44.2 μg/100 g); other types contained 12.4 μg/100 g (shiitake) to 29.8 μg/100 g (vitamin D-enhanced portabella). Enoki and oyster had almost exclusively 5-CH₃-H₄folate. Morel and chanterelle contained predominately formyl folates. Other species had similar amounts of 5-CH₃-H₄folate and formyl folates. Enoki, oyster, and shiitake, unlike all others, had low to non-detectable 10-HCO-folate (<1 μg/100 g). These precise data on the composition of folate vitamers in different types of mushrooms will facilitate assessment of the dietary contribution of naturally occurring folate.     

低胆固醇多糖鸭肝酱的研制

以普通鸭肝为原料,通过添加一定浓度具有显著降胆固醇功效的金针菇多糖,并结合小鼠血脂相关指标,研发出一种营养健康的功能性鸭肝酱. 50只小鼠随机分为空白对照组、普通鸭肝酱组、5%多糖鸭肝酱组、10%多糖鸭肝酱组、20%多糖鸭肝酱组,每组10只. 连续灌胃4周,取眼球血用于检测血清TG(triglyceride,TG)、TC(total cholesterol,TC)、LDL-C(low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)和HDL-C(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)水平,处死小鼠后,解剖取小鼠肝脏,测定肝组织TG和TC含量. 喂饲普通鸭肝酱会造成机体内胆固醇含量的升高,而添加金针菇多糖的鸭肝酱相较于普通鸭肝酱具有一定降低机体吸收胆固醇的效果,且随着金针菇多糖添加量的增加,降胆固醇越显著,其中添加20%多糖的鸭肝酱相较于普通鸭肝酱不易造成机体胆固醇含量的异常升高,但结合鸭肝酱的风味和成本,选择10%金针菇多糖添加量的鸭肝酱,能够在保证风味的同时,降低食用高胆固醇鸭肝酱产生的危害.     

Optimization of ultrasonic extraction of Flammulina velutipes polysaccharides and evaluation of its acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity

Polysaccharide was testified to be the main component of Flammulina velutipes for inhibiting AChE activity in our preliminary study. Therefore, response surface methodology, based on Box-Behnken design, was used to optimize the ultrasonic extraction conditions of F. velutipes polysaccharides (FVP). Four independent variables (ratio of water to raw material, ultrasonic power, ultrasonic time, and ultrasonic temperature) were taken into consideration. A quadratic model, adequate for reasonably predicting the yield of FVP, was constructed between ultrasonic conditions and yield of FVP. A yield of FVP of 8.33% was obtained under a modified condition (ratio of water to material of 25 ml/g, ultrasonic power of 620 W, ultrasonic time of 20 min, and ultrasonic temperature of 45 °C). Subsequently, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazine (DPPH) scavenging activity of FVP were determined. AChE inhibitory rate of 18.51% and DPPH scavenging rate of 61.24% were obtained at 0.6 mg/ml of FVP, indicating a good potential of FVP to enhance learning and cognitive ability.     

金针菇FV_(8812)菌株深层发酵工艺的研究

金针菇FV_8812(Flammnlina Velutipes)菌株是我们从国内外收集到的25株菌株中,经筛选获得的一株适合深层发酵的高产优质菌株。本文报道了该菌株的适宜发酵培养基、摇瓶发酵条件及50升发酵罐的扩大试验结果。结果表明,其适宜发酵培养基的组成为5.0％玉米粉、3.0麸皮、0.1％KH_2PO_4、0.05％MgSO_4·7H_2O、10μg/100ml VB_1、50μg/100ml VB_2;适宜的摇瓶发酵条件为:培养温度20～25℃培养基起始pH6.0～7.0,摇瓶装量500ml,装100～160ml,种子培养时间3～4天,接种量10～15％,摇瓶转速120～200rpm添加消泡油不少于0.1％为宜;经50升发酵罐扩大试验,菌体干收率3.94％(W/V),达到了工厂化发酵生产食用菌菌丝体的要求,因而具有工业投产意义。     

金针菇多糖提取新工艺的优化

对金针菇子实体多糖的提取新工艺进行了系统的优化研究。结果表明 ,子实体多糖提取的最优工艺为 :原料经预处理 ,经 0 .15 %的纤维素酶在 40℃、pH4 5条件下水解 3h ,再用 2 0倍样品重量的水在 10 0℃、pH6 5条件下浸提 1h ,过滤 ,滤液经MWCO5 0 0 0的超滤膜在40℃、0 .2MPa下浓缩至原体积的 1/3后用终体积分数为 70 %的乙醇沉淀 ,经脱蛋白干燥 ,得到纯品金针菇多糖 ,产率为 19 9g/g(干重 ) ,说明用超滤浓缩代替热浓缩是可行的。