不同共聚体系对丙烯腈与丙烯酸单体竞聚率的影响

采用Kelen-Tudos方法, 测定了丙烯腈（AN）与丙烯酸（AA）共聚合反应体系中单体竞聚率,探讨了不同反应体系对单体竞聚率的影响.结果表明,在水相悬浮聚合体系中,当转化率小于20%时,两单体的竞聚率同DMSO均相溶液聚合结果相近;随转化率的增加,AN竞聚率增加,AA竞聚率减小,当转化率超过50%后,两单体竞聚率变化不明显.在H2O/DMSO混合溶剂沉淀聚合中,当水含量超过80%后,两单体竞聚率向水相悬浮聚合结果靠近.随溶剂极性增大,rAN与rAA值均减小。     

Effect of Heat Processing on IgE Reactivity and Cross‐Reactivity of Tropomyosin and Other Allergens of Asia‐Pacific Mollusc Species: Identification of Novel Sydney Rock Oyster Tropomyosin Sac g 1

1 Scope

Shellfish allergy is an increasing global health priority, frequently affecting adults. Molluscs are an important shellfish group causing food allergy but knowledge of their allergens and cross‐reactivity is limited. Optimal diagnosis of mollusc allergy enabling accurate advice on food avoidance is difficult. Allergens of four frequently ingested Asia‐Pacific molluscs are characterized: Sydney rock oyster (Saccostrea glomerata), blue mussel (Mytilus edulis), saucer scallop (Amusium balloti), and southern calamari (Sepioteuthis australis), examining cross‐reactivity between species and with blue swimmer crab tropomyosin, Por p 1.

2 Methods and results

IgE ELISA showed that cooking increased IgE reactivity of mollusc extracts and basophil activation confirmed biologically relevant IgE reactivity. Immunoblotting demonstrated strong IgE reactivity of several proteins including one corresponding to heat‐stable tropomyosin in all species (37–40 kDa). IgE‐reactive Sydney rock oyster proteins were identified by mass spectrometry, and the novel major oyster tropomyosin allergen was cloned, sequenced, and designated Sac g 1 by the IUIS. Oyster extracts showed highest IgE cross‐reactivity with other molluscs, while mussel cross‐reactivity was weakest. Inhibition immunoblotting demonstrated high cross‐reactivity between tropomyosins of mollusc and crustacean species.

3 Conclusion

These findings inform novel approaches for reliable diagnosis and improved management of mollusc allergy.     

输入小阶跃反应性有温度反馈时中子增殖公式

导出了输入小阶跃反应性、有温度反馈时的中子增殖表达式 ,且为显函数     

贵州板岩的碱活性的评定方法探讨

板岩在我国分布较广,由于具有较高的碱活性及碱活性的特性,作为混凝土的骨料在土木工程中应用的工程还很少。为促进板岩骨料的应用,其碱活性的评定方法尤为重要。目前我国各部门对碱活性的评定标准不统一,为碱活性的检验和判定带来困难。本文对国内标准关于碱活性的评定方法进行了探讨和分析,提出贵州板岩的碱活性的评定方法的建议。     

不同形貌纳米氧化锌的制备及其对有机催化反应活性的影响研究进展

纳米氧化锌是沿C轴具有较强极性的极性晶体,改变外部反应条件可以制备出棒状、层状、球状、花状等形貌多样的纳米级氧化锌晶体。近年来很多文献报道不同形貌的纳米氧化锌作为催化剂对甲醇合成、甲醇水蒸气重整制氢、乙醇水蒸气重整制氢等有机催化反应的活性不同。本文综述了反应溶剂、锌源、表面活性剂和pH值等反应条件对纳米氧化锌形貌影响的研究进展以及不同形貌的纳米氧化锌作为催化剂载体或催化剂活性组分对有机催化反应活性的影响。     

Copolymerization of phenylacetylene with various acetylenes by W- and Mo-based catalysts

In the copolymerization of phenylacetylene with various acetylenes catalysed by WCl₆·Ph₄Sn, the relative reactivity of monomer decreased with increasing steric effect of monomer, e.g. HC  Cn-Bu, HC  Cn-Hex > HC  CPh, HC  Cs-Bu > HC  Ct-Bu, MeCCPh, CICCPh. While 1-chloro-2-phenylacetylene (a disubstituted acetylene) showed high reactivity in the homopolymerization by Mobased catalysts, the reactivity was remarkably depressed in the presence of phenylacetylene as comonomer. Based on these results, the relative reactivity of the acetylenic monomers in copolymerization was explained in terms of competitive coordination of monomers to the propagating end.     

Experimental and theoretical investigation on unburned coal char burnout in a pilot-scale rotary kiln

Oxidation reactivity studies are imperative for improving carbon re-burn technologies and valuing the heat content of unburned carbon within coal combustion ashes. Non-isothermal, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to examine the oxidation kinetics of unburned carbon in coal combustion fly ashes having different particle size distributions; TGA results were related to combustion efficiencies as measured in a bench-scale rotary kiln. The activation energy and pre-exponential factor were determined for the chemically-controlled reaction regime; the transition temperatures between chemically-controlled and partially diffusion-controlled combustion regimes were obtained for unburned carbon particles of different sizes. After the oxidation reaction rates were evaluated, the residence time distribution (RTD) of fly ashes in the rotary kiln were experimentally measured and the mean residence times related to process parameters, including the rotating velocity and kiln inclination. By comparing these results with an advective-dispersive model, the axial dispersion coefficient of fly ashes was determined. The reaction rates obtained by thermal analyses and the RTDs were used to predict combustion efficiencies within the kiln and oxidation conditions of unburned carbon using various processing options.     

硅质集料碱活性新检测方法主要参数

较系统地研究了集料碱硅酸反应动力学和碱活性检测方法中的一些主要参数,其中包括反应温度、反应时间、养护碱浓度、灰砂比、水泥碱含量等。根据研究结果,选择了适宜的试验条件,为建立新的硅质集料碱活性试验方法确定主要参数提供了理论依据。     

Management of Plutonium Content based on Reactivity of Each Plutonium Isotope

It is strongly demanded to control reactivity for safety and steady operation of nuclear reactor. Fissile enrichment should be, therefore, accurately managed in order to carry out it. A concept of physical accounting method for adjusting fissile enrichment is very useful to manage plutonium content and to control reactivity of nuclear reactor where plutonium is used as main fissile material. The basis of the concept is shown in this paper together with the result of the application to typical prototype fast breeder reactor (FBR). The rationality for adopting the method is also quantitatively shown in this paper.     

Reactivity of Monochlorobenzene and Its Derivatives toward Solvated Electrons in Lower Aliphatic Alcohols

Monochlorobenzene and its para- or meta-substituted derivatives were irradiated with -γ-rays in methanol, ethanol and n-propanol containing nitrous oxide to elucidate the reactivities of these organic solutes toward solvated electrons, and also the effect of the substituent for the aromatic nucleus on the reactivities of these solutes. The value of G (N₂) is seen to decrease with increasing concentration of the organic solute. Relative rate constants of these organic solutes toward solvated electrons have been determined from the competition with nitrous oxide by observing the G(N₂) in there systems. Based on the results, the rate constants of the reactions of these derivatives of monochlorobenzene with solvated electrons relative to monochlorobenzene can be related to Hammett's σ function. The ρ value has been observed to be 3.3, 2.1 and 1.8 for methanol, ethanol and n-propanol respectively. The present data, together with that by Sherman⁽¹⁾ for 2-propanol, indicates that the ρ value is correlated linearly to the dielectric constant of the solvent. Some discussions are presented on the results thus obtained.