矿物质催化指数与焦炭反应性关系

研究了矿物质（氧化物）以添加和吸附两种方式负载到焦炭中，对焦炭溶剂损反应性的作用规律，建立了矿物质对焦炭溶损反应性的综合评价指标（MCI），提出了煤的Vd和MCI是决定焦炭溶损反应性的两个独立变量，并据此建立了预测焦炭溶损反应性和反应后强度的数学模型。     

Screen-printed carbon electrode modified on its surface with amorphous carbon nitride thin film: Electrochemical and morphological study

The surface of a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) was modified by using amorphous carbon nitride (a-CN_x) thin film deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering. Scanning electron microscopy and photoelectron spectroscopy measurements were used to characterise respectively the morphology and the chemical structure of the a-CN_x modified electrodes. The incorporation of nitrogen in the amorphous carbon network was demonstrated by X ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The a-CN_x layers were deposited on both carbon screen-printed electrode (SPCE) and silicon (Si) substrates. A comparative study showed that the nature of substrate, i.e. SPCE and Si, has a significant effect on both the surface morphology of deposited a-CN_x film and their electrochemical properties. The improvement of the electrochemical reactivity of SPCE after a-CN_x film deposition was highlighted both by comparing the shapes of voltammograms and calculating the apparent heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant.     

Adult attachment orientations, self–other boundary regulation, and splitting tendencies in a college sample.

In a sample of 247 college students, the contributions of adult attachment orientations and several other boundary regulation variables to measures of self-splitting (i.e., the tendency to report diffuse and chaotic self-experiences) and other-splitting (i.e., the tendency to acknowledge unstable perceptions of and feelings toward one's friends) were explored. Adult attachment orientations and self-other boundary regulation variables, respectively, explained unique variance in each criterion measure. High levels of attachment anxiety and self-concealment and low levels of self-other differentiation contributed most prominently to self-splitting, whereas high attachment anxiety, low emotional reactivity, and high needs for social approval best predicted other-splitting. Implications of these findings for advancing a more delineated understanding of splitting tendencies are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Initiation and propagation of nuclear burning wave in fast reactor

The regime of the nuclear burning wave (NBW) in a fast reactor (FR) is described using the non-stationary diffusion equation for neutron transport and equations of the fuel component burn-up and of nuclear kinetics for precursor nuclei of delayed neutrons. A critical two-zone fast reactor of cylindrical form with metal fuel of the U–Pu cycle is considered. The initiation of nuclear burning in an enriched ignition zone by means of an external neutron flux that is turned off at an early stage of FR operation has been simulated. The possibility of creating a self-organizing regime of a running NBW in the breeding zone along the reactor axis has been demonstrated. The neutron leakage in a transverse direction was taken into account using the concept of radial buckling. The calculation results of the space–time evolution of neutron flux in this system using the effective multi-group approximation are presented. The average fuel burn-up is about 50%. The velocity of NBW propagation strongly depends on the transverse size of FR. For example, in the reactor of 110 cm radius and 500 cm length the NBW velocity is about 22 cm/year.     

The first ribbed functionalized tris-dioximate clathrochelates with inherent hydroxyl substituents: Synthesis, spectra and X-ray structure

The controlled hydrolysis of the dichlorine-containing iron(II) clathrochelate FeBd₂(Cl₂Gm)(BF)₂ precursor (where Bd²⁻ and Cl₂Gm²⁻ are α-benzyldioxime and dichloroglyoxime dianions, respectively) afforded the hydroxy-containing clathrochelate derivatives with the hydroxyl substituent inherently bound to the ribbed chelate fragment of the macrobicyclic ligand. The triethylammonium and tetra-n-butylammonium salts of the clathrochelate [FeBd₂(OClGm)(BF)₂]⁻ anion have been characterized using elemental analysis, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, IR, UV–Vis, ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer and ¹H, ¹³C{¹H}, ¹¹B and ¹⁹F NMR spectroscopies, and X-ray crystallography. The X-ray structural data for this deprotonated anion showed strong delocalization of its negative charge into the clathrochelate framework.     

南水北调唐河倒虹吸混凝土施工技术

唐河倒虹吸工程是南水北调中线总干渠工程中的大型建筑物之一,主体混凝土截至目前已基本完成,所验收单元工程质量优良率为92%,混凝土内实外光,施工缝连接平顺,无裂缝.现就混凝土施工中的原材料选定、配合比、温度控制、管身混凝土关键部位的施工措施等内容进行了浅释.     

Influence of stress-strain field on the dissolution process of polycrystalline nickel in H2SO4 solution: An original in situ method

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) raises a lot of questions concerning complexity of stacked physical mechanisms. Synergy between electrochemical processes and mechanical field near the crack tip is now recognized. However, the influence of mechanical behaviour on corrosion processes is not well established and only few works dealt with this effect. Consequently, it seems to be necessary to determine the influence of the plastic strain on the surfaces reactivity in aqueous mediums. The great part of this work was devoted to the development of an electrochemical cell on a bench of mechanical test in order to carry out in situ measurements of current density. Three levels of interaction have been discussed taking into account the different expression of plastic deformation (dislocation density and distribution, slip bands emergence, stress field) in order to study the effect of mechanical state on dissolution, on passivation processes, and on stability of oxide film of polycrystalline nickel in H₂SO₄ solution.     

New proposal of reactivity coefficient estimation method using a gray-box model in nuclear power plants

A new method for estimating reactivity parameters, such as moderator temperature coefficient (MTC) and void reactivity coefficient (VRC), is proposed using steady-state noise data. In order to solve the ill-posed problem of reactivity parameter estimation, a concept of a gray box model is newly introduced. The gray box model includes a first principle based model and a black-box fitting model. The former model acts as a priori knowledge based constraints in a parameter estimation problem. After establishing the gray box and noise source models, the maximum likelihood estimation method based on Kalman filter is applied. Furthermore, it is shown that the frequency domain approach of the gray box model is useful in the case of VRC estimation. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithms is shown through numerical simulation and actual plant data analysis.     

Does completing a craving questionnaire promote increased smoking craving? An experimental investigation.

The authors evaluated whether completing a multi-item assessment of smoking craving (the Questionnaire of Smoking Urges [QSU]) promoted increases in smoking craving. A sample of 39 regular smokers was randomly assigned to 1 of 3 manipulations (each of 3 min duration): (a) complete the QSU–Brief (10 items), (b) complete a noncraving questionnaire that was structurally identical to the QSU–Brief (scale-based control), and (c) a time-based control. Participants responded to an oral question assessing their degree of craving immediately before and after the manipulations. Results indicated that the QSU did not promote increases in craving compared to the 2 control conditions. Despite continuing debate over the most appropriate self-report measure of craving, investigators who use the QSU–Brief can be reasonably sure that the scores that result are not biased due to reactivity effects. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Duchenne smile, emotional experience, and autonomic reactivity: A test of the facial feedback hypothesis.

This study examined the modulatory function of Duchenne and non-Duchenne smiles on subjective and autonomic components of emotion. Participants were asked to hold a pencil in their mouth to either facilitate or inhibit smiles and were not instructed to contract specific muscles. Five conditions--namely lips pressing, low-level non-Duchenne smiling, high-level non-Duchenne smiling, Ducherme smiling, and control--were produced while participants watched videoclips that were evocative of positive or negative affect. Participants who displayed Duchenne smiles reported more positive experience when pleasant scenes and humorous cartoons were presented. Furthermore, they tended to exhibit different patterns of autonomic arousal when viewing positive scenes. These results support the facial feedback hypothesis and suggest that facial feedback has more powerful effects when facial configurations represent valid analogs of basic emotional expressions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)