Effect of CO2 Exposure on the Chemical Stability and Mechanical Properties of BaZrO3‐Ceramics

The reactivity of BaZrO₃ with CO₂ has been addressed as one of the major challenges with BaZrO₃‐based electrolytes in protonic ceramic fuel cells. Here, we present a study of the effect of CO₂ exposure on BaZrO₃‐materials at elevated temperatures. Dense BaZr_1?xY_xO_3?x/2 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2) and BaCe_0.2Zr_0.7Y_0.1O_2.95 ceramics were prepared by sintering of powder prepared by spray pyrolysis. The Vickers indentation method was used to determine the hardness and estimate the fracture toughness of pristine materials as well as the corresponding materials exposed to CO₂. Formation of BaCO₃ on the surface of exposed ceramics was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction and electron microcopy. The reaction resulted in formation of Ba‐deficient perovskite at the exposed surface. The reaction with CO₂ was most pronounced at 650°C compared to the other temperatures applied in the study. The reactivity was also shown to depend on the Y‐content and the grain size and was most pronounced for BaZr_0.9Y_0.1O_2.95. The reaction with CO₂ was observed to have a profound effect on the fracture toughness of the ceramics, demonstrating a depression of the mechanical stability of the materials. The results are discussed with respect to the chemical and mechanical stability of BaZrO₃ materials, with particular emphasis on the composition and grain size.     

Processing of ZrO2 scaffolds coated by glass–ceramic derived from 45S5 bioglass

Three dimensional, highly porous, ZrO₂ scaffolds coated by glass–ceramic derived from 45S5 bioglass were fabricated. The surface reactivity of 45S5 in aqueous solution was investigated as a function of the immersion time. The influence of the solid loading on the rheological behavior of 45S5 aqueous slips with ammonium polyacrylate (NH₄PA) was studied; besides the effect of poly(vinyl)alcohol (PVA) on the relative viscosity was determined. The structure and microstructure of uncoated and coated ZrO₂ scaffolds were characterized. The high ionic exchange capability of 45S5 was demonstrated by the pH rise, the significant weight loss and the amorphous calcium phosphate nucleation, upon its immersion in aqueous solution. The addition of PVA did not affect the dispersion properties of the 45S5 powder, which were basically controlled by its negative surface charge. 30 wt% 45S5 slips with 4 wt% PVA exhibited a yield stress and an adequate viscosity in the low shear rate range, to produce a bioglass coating into the ZrO₂ scaffold. The glass-ceramic coating was distributed along the strut surfaces, forming a thin film without altering the porosity and the strut thickness of the original ZrO₂ scaffold structure.     

Light scattering of ideal random copolymers in bulk

Copolymerization is a useful way of modifying the physical properties of a material to meet specific needs, but it can result in a significant light scattering loss due to dielectric fluctuations in the material. Ideal random copolymers are known to be more transparent; however, the light-scattering properties of such copolymers in bulk have not been fully studied. In this paper, two representative ideal random copolymers were synthesized: methyl methacrylate (MMA)/benzyl methacrylate (BzMA) and MMA/2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate (TFEMA). The effects of copolymer composition and polymerization temperature on the light-scattering properties were investigated. Polarized light scattering (V_V) in copolymers was more sensitive to the polymerization temperature. Higher temperatures were necessary to homogenize the dielectric fluctuations and minimize excess light scattering. However, once the heterogeneous structures vanished, the copolymer bulk exhibited low scattering losses, which are comparable with homopolymers, over the entire range of copolymer compositions.     

不同形貌纳米氧化锌的制备及其对有机催化反应活性的影响研究进展

纳米氧化锌是沿C轴具有较强极性的极性晶体,改变外部反应条件可以制备出棒状、层状、球状、花状等形貌多样的纳米级氧化锌晶体。近年来很多文献报道不同形貌的纳米氧化锌作为催化剂对甲醇合成、甲醇水蒸气重整制氢、乙醇水蒸气重整制氢等有机催化反应的活性不同。本文综述了反应溶剂、锌源、表面活性剂和pH值等反应条件对纳米氧化锌形貌影响的研究进展以及不同形貌的纳米氧化锌作为催化剂载体或催化剂活性组分对有机催化反应活性的影响。     

低灰熔点无烟煤煤焦与CO_2催化气化特性研究

利用碱金属碳酸盐作催化剂,对低灰熔点无烟煤煤焦与CO2的催化气化反应活性进行研究.结果表明,反应活性主要受温度、催化剂种类及担载量的影响,催化活性顺序为:K2CO3Na2CO3Li2CO3,煤焦的反应活性随着催化剂担载量的增加而提高;在反应过程中,催化剂与煤焦中的物质会发生一定程度的反应,生成不溶性盐;煤焦的比表面积会随着催化剂担载量的增大而减小,但催化活性反而增强,其主要受到催化剂提供的反应活性中心的影响.     

Physicochemical and Theoretical Characterization of a New Small Non-Metal Schiff Base with a Differential Antimicrobial Effect against Gram-Positive Bacteria

Searching for adequate and effective compounds displaying antimicrobial activities, especially against Gram-positive bacteria, is an important research area due to the high hospitalization and mortality rates of these bacterial infections in both the human and veterinary fields. In this work, we explored (E)-4-amino-3-((3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino) benzoic acid (SB-1, harboring an intramolecular hydrogen bond) and (E)-2-((4-nitrobenzilidene)amino)aniline (SB-2), two Schiff bases derivatives. Results demonstrated that SB-1 showed an antibacterial activity determined by the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Bacillus cereus (Gram-positive bacteria involved in human and animal diseases such as skin infections, pneumonia, diarrheal syndrome, and urinary tract infections, among others), which was similar to that shown by the classical antibiotic chloramphenicol. By contrast, this compound showed no effect against Gram-negative bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella enterica). Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive physicochemical and theoretical characterization of SB-1 (as well as several analyses for SB-2), including elemental analysis, ESMS, ¹H and ¹³C NMR (assigned by 1D and 2D techniques), DEPT, UV-Vis, FTIR, and cyclic voltammetry. We also performed a computational study through the DFT theory level, including geometry optimization, TD-DFT, NBO, and global and local reactivity analyses.     

EGR对生物柴油颗粒物氧化活性及微观结构的影响

为研究废气再循环(EGR)及燃用调合生物柴油(B0,B20)对柴油机排放颗粒物(PM)氧化活性与微观结构的影响,通过一台4缸共轨柴油机进行试验,并采集燃烧颗粒物,使用热重分析仪(TGA)、高倍透射电镜(HRTEM)和拉曼光谱(RS)对颗粒物进行研究.结果表明:燃用同种燃料时,随着EGR率增加,颗粒中干碳烟含量增加,起始...     

焦炭的钝化处理及其机理

 用浸泡的方法将H3BO3、Na2CO3、CaCl2、FeCl3等负载于焦炭中,并用SEM、EDS、XPS对浸泡硼酸后的焦炭结构和形貌进行了表征,对浸泡硼酸后的焦炭与二氧化碳的反应性、抵抗碱和铁的侵蚀能力、深层反应以及硼的钝化机理等进行了研究。结果表明：通过浸泡可以将不同浓度的矿物质负载于焦炭中,且B的最终存在形式是B2O3;碱和铁的存在可以加速焦炭的溶损反应,硼的存在可以抑制焦炭的溶损反应,并具有明显的抵抗或屏蔽碱、铁的侵蚀能力。     

水淬渣的胶凝活性及其形成机理

采用重新熔融水淬的方法制备不同水淬矿渣样品,综合进行净浆强度实验和碱溶出实验研究,借助XRD,DTA, TEM, SEM和EDX等分析手段,研究了矿渣形成过程、形成结构和胶凝性能之间的关系,并在此基础上探讨了矿渣潜在胶凝活性的形成机理. 研究表明,在合适的排渣温度和冷却速度条件下,水淬渣能够形成分相结构,对水淬渣胶凝活性产生重要影响. 分相矿渣具有富钙相和富硅相,富钙相的迅速溶解和富硅相的缓慢溶解是水淬渣水化过程中产生足够早期强度和发挥稳定后期强度的主要原因. 由于玻璃分相的影响,排渣过程存在最佳工艺条件,即最佳的排渣过程能使水淬渣形成玻璃分相结构,从而具有最好的活性.