Chemical,chromatographic, and thermal analysis of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis)

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) is mainly known for its cooking qualities, but it possesses an essential oil with pharmacological properties. Moreover, this plant was the start of forest fires in Provence, France. The presence of biopolymers can contribute to electrical energy production by biomass combustion. The aim of this work was to study a stalk of rosemary during its biological cycle (November 1998 to June 1999). The chemical analysis (water, mineral ashes, cellulose, lignin, holocellulose, and extractives) showed few variations during this period. Leaves and branches differentiated themselves according to their chemical composition. Analyzed by chromatography gas–liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC‐MS) and gas–liquid chromatography/flam ionization detector (GC‐FID), the essential oil of this rosemary had a high level of camphor (30–45%), which could be used in new therapeutics (cardiac and respiratory analeptic). Finally, the simultaneous thermal analysis (DTA‐TG) was run on the fresh plants and the dried powdered samples. Several kinetic constants of the biopolymers had been computed: activation energies of cellulose and holocellulose. During heating, the rosemary's lignin decomposed more than others plants, thereby increasing the fire risks. The chemical, chromatographic, and thermal analysis run on the rosemary could be applied on other species in the Mediterranean basin. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 747–756, 2002     

反渗透和纳滤工艺对饮用水中致突变物去除的试验研究

探讨活性炭反渗透和两种纳滤膜工艺对井水中有机物和放射性总α、总β活度的去除效果,结果表明：活性炭和三种膜都能较好地去除致突物,膜产水Ames试验结果为阴性,选择TS40型纳滤膜进行优势饮水净化。     

五种中草药水溶性多糖对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的影响

从山茱萸、知母、甘草、地榆及诃子中提取水溶性多糖,并通过酶抑制动力学反应考察其对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的影响。酶动力学反应结果表明:地榆多糖对α-葡萄糖苷酶有激活作用;知母多糖对α-葡萄糖苷酶的活性随时间的变化先激活后抑制;山茱萸多糖、甘草多糖及诃子多糖均对α-葡萄糖苷酶有抑制活性,其中抑制活性最好的是甘草多糖,其抑制率为72.5%;其各自的影响机理还有待进一步研究。     

BACTERIAL MUTAGENICITY OF DICYCLOPENTA-FUSED PYRENE CONGENERS IN FVT-PYROLYSATES: PARTIAL COMBUSTION EXHAUST MIMICS

The mutagenicity response of well-characterized flash vacuum thermolysis (FVT) pyrolysates that contain cyclopenta[cd]pyrene (1) and 1-ethynylpyrene (1b) (pyrolysate I), the dicyclopentapyrene congeners dicyclopenta[cd,mn]- (2), dicyclopenta[cd,fg]- (3), or dicyclopenta[cd,jk]pyrene (4) and their related bis-ethynyl- (2b–4b) and monocyclopenta-ethynylpyrene (2a–4a) analogues (pyrolysates II–IV, respectively), or cyclopenta[cd]- (1) and the three dicyclopentapyrenes (2–4) (pyrolysate V), respectively, was assessed using the standard protocol outlined by Ames et al. (Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98 ± S9-mix 4% (v/v)). It is shown that the mutagenic activity of the pyrolysates deviates from the weighed sum of the activity of the individual pyrolysate constituents. Hence, FVT-pyrolysates are proposed as model mixtures, that is, as partial combustion exhaust mimics, to establish and evaluate interactions (additive, synergistic, or antagonistic effects) that may occur among the constituents and affect the global mutagenicity response.     

Comparison of Biological and Chemical Predictors of Dermal Carcinogenicity of Petroleum Oils

Various methods have been proposed as a basis for cancer hazard labelling of petroleum products. The Institute of Petroleum analytical method termed IP 346/80 was recently recommended to the European Union as the preferred method for this purpose. In this report we compare IP 346/80 with several other predictors of dermal carcinogenicity, including the Mobil PAC Method, the Modified Ames Test (ASTM Method E 1687-95), and the ^32P-postlabelling assay for DNA adducts. Oils for assay were selected from a repository of samples previously subjected to mouse skin-painting bioassay. 120 oils were tested in the Modified Ames Assay, 57 by the Mobil PAC Method, 50 by Method IP 346/80, and 48 by the postlabelling procedure. The ability of each assay to distinguish between carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic oils was examined at various suggested discriminators, e.g. Mutagenicity Indices (MI) of 1.0 and 2.0, 3-7 ring PAC contents of 1% and 2% (w/w), and IP 346/80 DMSO-extractables of 2% and 3% (w/w). Various adduct levels were tested for maximum discrimination between carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic oils. The accuracy of each method is reported.     

吲熟酯致突变作用试验研究

吲熟酯浓度为 1、1 0、1 0 0、50 0、和 1 0 0 0 μg/皿 ,在加S9或不加S9的试验条件下 ,对TA97、TA98、TA10 0 、TA10 2 四个菌株进行Ames试验 ,结果表明 ,各浓度组的MR值均小于 2 ;以剂量为 2 0、1 0 0、2 0 0和 4 0 0mg/kg体重 ,进行小鼠微核试验 ,观察各剂量组小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率结果与对照组比较均未见引起显著性增加 (p >0 .0 5) ;以剂量为 4 0 0、80 0、1 0 0 0mg/kg体重进行小鼠睾丸精母细胞染色体畸变试验 ,各剂量组的染色体畸变细胞率分别为0 .80 %、0 .80 %和 1 .2 % ,与对照组比较均无显著性差异 (p >0 .0 5)。三项试验的结果均表明吲熟酯未显有致突变作用。     

金盏菊花中色素的提取工艺及稳定性研究

目的：确定金盏菊花色素的最佳提取工艺,并对其稳定性进行研究。方法：以浸提法对金盏菊花中的色素进行提取,通过对提取剂、料液比、提取温度、提取时间4因素进行,L9(34)正交试验得到最佳提取条件;同时考察光照、热和食品添加剂等对色素稳定性的影响。结果：金盏菊花色素最佳提取工艺为提取剂90%乙醇、料液比1:8(g/mL)、在70℃水浴中浸提40min;该色素在酸性条件下稳定性较好,对光和热稳定性好;pH值对色素的稳定性影响较大,在酸性条件(pH5)下该色素较稳定;常用食品添加剂如葡萄糖、蔗糖对色素的色泽无不良影响,金属离子Na+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Cu2+对金盏菊花色素无不良影响,而Fe3+则对色素有明显影响。结论：获得金盏菊花中色素提取的最佳工艺;色素对光、热、常用食品添加剂的稳定性良好,为其在食品和药品中的应用提供了广阔的前景。     

Effects of foliar fertilization and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization on Salvia officinalis L. growth,antioxidant capacity,and essential oil composition

BACKGROUND: The effect of foliar fertilization and Glomus intraradices inoculation on the growth, qualitative and quantitative pattern of essential oil in Salvia officinalis was determined. Sage plants were grown in a glass house on a soil/sand mixture (w/w = 3:1). Agroleaf^® total, N:P:K = 20:20:20 + microelements, was used at the whole vegetative growth stage as a 0.3% solution. Inoculation with Glomus intraradices was done at the sowing stage. RESULTS: Application of foliar fertilization and/or mycorrhizal colonization improved dry biomass accumulation and increased the content of antioxidant metabolites (ascorbate and reduced glutathione). Applied treatments lowered the activities of the antioxidants enzymes catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, while guaiacol peroxidase increased. The relative quantity of essential oil pattern was also altered as a result of the applied treatments. Combined application (FF + Gi) significantly promoted 1,8‐cineole and α‐thujone, mycorrhizal colonization enhanced bornyl acetate, 1,8‐cineole, α‐ and β‐thujones, while foliar fertilization increased bornyl acetate and camphor. The favorable effect of root colonization by Glomus intraradices was determined both on quantitative and qualitative pattern of sage essential oil. CONCLUSION: We conclude that inoculation with Glomus intraradices resulted in improved essential oil yield and quality, while combined application of foliar fertilizer and mycorrhizal fungi predominantly enhanced shoot biomass accumulation. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

用Sevag法分离闽西巴戟天粗多糖中蛋白质的研究

本文通过以凯氏定氮法测定巴戟天粗多糖经Sevag法分离前后蛋白质含量的变化,并以蒽酮一硫酸法测定分离前后多糖含量的变化比较,研究了用Sevag法对巴戟天粗多糖中的蛋白质成分分离的效果。结果表明,用Sevag法处理3次后,巴戟天粗多糖中蛋白质能够被去除掉达80%,该方法适用于巴戟天粗多糖中蛋白质的去除目的。     

迷迭香抗氧化提取物的应用研究

本文以迷迭香为原料采用有机溶剂萃取法提取其中的抗氧化分为Rao，用碘量法检测了Rao对油脂（猪油，豆油）的抗氧化作用，结果表明，Rao具有较强的抗油脂氧化性能。另外，用滤纸片法和平板培养法研究了Rao的抑菌作用，结果证明，Rao对常见致病菌（枯草芽孢杆菌，金色葡萄球菌，大肠杆菌）有较强的抑（杀）作用，对霉菌也有一定的抑制作用。