2007年食品安全相关WTO/SPS通报情况分析

2007年,WTO秘书处接收到SPS措施通报1190份,其中与食品安全相关的措施占72.6%,中国疾病预防控制中心营养与食品安全所收到卫生部转发的与食品安全相关的通报411项。5个主要通报国家和地区是美国、巴西、欧盟、韩国及日本。通报内容以农产品、兽药残留为主,其他涉及食品添加剂、微生物、污染物等。营养食品所对25项通报提出了评议意见。我国在WTO/SPS通报以及评议工作与发达国家仍存在一定差距,评议机制有待于进一步完善。     

福建省2003-2005年食品中空肠和结肠弯曲菌的监测与分析

目的系统分析福建省食品中空肠和结肠弯曲菌的污染现状、分布特征,建立和完善食源性致病菌监测网络,为制定相关的食品卫生干预措施提供可靠的基础数据。方法2003-2005年选择福建省的8个地级市和南北2个贫困县的农贸市场为监测点,采集生畜禽肉类、生牛奶、生食蔬菜、鸡蛋、水产品5大类共730份食品样品。按照WHO推荐并作为《全国食品污染物监测相关实验室操作手册(食源性致病菌部分)》的弯曲菌检验方法,用加有生长促进剂和特定配方抗生素的布氏肉汤增菌,将增菌液划线接种至弯曲菌选择性琼脂CCDA平板,挑取可疑菌落转种在哥伦比亚血琼脂平板上纯化。纯化的可疑菌落做革兰染色镜检,湿片观察动力,同时做过氧化氢酶试验、氧化酶试验、马尿酸盐水解试验、吲哚乙酸酯试验等生化鉴定。结果检出弯曲菌阳性的样品39件,总的阳性率为5·34%。分离到空肠和结肠弯曲菌47株,其中空肠弯曲菌34株、结肠弯曲菌13株。不同种类的食品阳性率不同,阳性率最高的为生肉6·72%(36/536),其次为生食蔬菜5·88%(2/34),水产品0·95%(1/105),生牛奶与鸡蛋中均未检出。生肉类中阳性率最高的为鸡肉7·31%(19/260)。结论福建省市售食品中存在着不同程度的弯曲菌污染,应加强食品中空肠和结肠弯曲菌的监测,加强禽畜养殖、屠宰、运输和加工过程的卫生管理,防止交叉污染,有效地预防和控制弯曲菌感染的暴发和流行。     

双孢菇中活性成分与保鲜技术的研究进展

综述了近年来有关双孢蘑菇代谢产物的结构特点和栽培及保鲜技术,主要包括双孢蘑菇中蘑菇氨酸的结构和药理作用,为国内双孢蘑菇的进一步开发研究提供了参考.     

Impact of dietary fibers on the properties and proteolytic digestibility of lactoferrin nano-particles

The application and development of biopolymer-based particulate delivery systems is receiving considerable attention from scientists and manufacturers seeking to engineer healthier and safer foods. Present work focused on the fabrication and proteolysis of bovine lactoferrin nano-particles onto which pectins, alginate and carrageenan were electrostatically deposited. DLS, CD and AFM were used to ascertain the formation of spherical structures with varying zeta potentials and modified protein folding. SDS-PAGE analyses of samples collected during simulated human gastro-duodenal digestion revealed that in the case of high and low methoxy pectin particle zeta potential values (−35.4 mV and −50.3 mV respectively) were found to be inversely linked to lactoferrin digestion rate. Moreover, the electrostatic binding of food grade iota-carrageenan onto lactoferrin nano-particles was found to yield highly charged particles (zeta = −69.2 mV) with low surface roughness and to enable a proportion of the lactoferrin to resist 1 h of simulated gastric digestion. Overall, these findings suggest that electrostatic biopolymer interactions may modulate protein digestion and possibly facilitate controlled protein delivery to the upper gastrointestinal tract or have implications to protein nutritional value.     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定不锈钢食具容器砷迁移量

目的：为弥补采用GB／T5009．81——2003所使用的砷斑法测定不锈钢食具容器砷迁移量具有操作繁琐、耗时长、灵敏度低、；住确度差的缺陷；方法：运用氢化物发生—原子荧光光谱法这一痕量分析新技术进行测定；结果：具有简便、快速、灵敏度高、准确度好的优点，检出限0．01μg／mL，回收率90．0％～107．5％。结果满意。     

A novel method for determining vitamin B1 in a wide variety of foodstuffs with or without polyphenols

Certain foodstuffs exhibit matrix interference effects on the vitamin B₁ analysis prescribed in the official methods of the European Union, AOAC International, and Japan. In this study, we demonstrated that one of the problematic polyphenols in green tea or cocoa was tannin. For these matrices, thiamine was found to interact with tannin in the extraction step and was thus removed by filtration as a residue. To resolve the matrix interference, we proposed lowering the pH of the extraction solution by adding hydrochloric acid after the enzyme reaction. High precision (2–3% RSDr) and good recovery (98.3–103%) were obtained with reference materials using the proposed method. We also confirmed the equivalence of the obtained data from the proposed method and the Japanese official method for nutritional labeling. From these results, the method was found to be effective for vitamin B₁ analysis regardless of the presence of interference matrices.     

天然抗氧化剂的研究现状

随着公众对食品安全问题关注度的提高以及毒理学研究的进步,天然抗氧化剂将逐步替代人工合成抗氧化剂在食品行业食品防腐保鲜中的应用。本文概述了目前已用于天然抗氧化剂开发的天然资源以及正在研究的天然抗氧化剂,种类主要有香辛料提取物、中草药、果蔬植物、茶叶、蜂胶、维生素、虾青素、蛋白质水解物、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和植酸。讨论了天然抗氧化剂研究中的成果、进展和存在的问题以及发展方向。     

QS认证审核现场存在问题与对策研究

食品质量安全市场准入制度(QS)认证主要针对食品企业的食品卫生状况,食品是否进行强制性检验以及食品进入市场前的管理是否规范进行定期的检查和整改。本文是结合QS现场审核标准对A食品厂提出该食品厂存在的问题,提出了相应的对策。     

Isolation and characterization of natural Ara h 6: evidence for a further peanut allergen with putative clinical relevance based on resistance to pepsin digestion and heat

Peanut allergy is a significant health problem because of its prevalence and the potential severity of the allergic reaction. The characterization of peanut allergens is crucial to the understanding of the mechanism of peanut allergy. Recently, we described cloning of the peanut allergen Ara h 6. The aim of this study was isolation and further characterization of nAra h 6. We purified nAra h 6 from crude peanut extract using gel filtration and anion exchange chromatography. The preparation was further characterized by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE) with subsequent immunoblotting. Stability of nAra h 6 was studied by an in vitro digestibility assay as well as by resistance against thermal processing. Sequencing of nAra h 6 identified the N-terminal amino acid sequence as MRRERGRQGDSSS. Further results clearly demonstrated stability of nAra h 6 against pepsin digestion and heating. Immunoglobulin G (IgE) binding analysis and its biological activity shown by RBL 25/30-test of natural Ara h 6 supported the importance of this peanut allergen. Investigation of nAra h 6 revealed evidence for a further peanut allergen with putative clinical relevance based on resistance to pepsin digestion and heat.     

Food Fortification and Supplement Use—Are There Health Implications?

Dietary supplements are a multi-billion dollar industry in the U.S., and their use is increasing exponentially. Additionally, many foods and beverages are increasingly being fortified with single or multiple vitamins and minerals. Consequently, nutrient intakes are exceeding the safe limits established by the Institute of Medicine. In this paper, we examine the benefits and drawbacks of vitamin and mineral supplements and increasing consumption of fortified foods (in addition to dietary intake) in the U.S. population. The pros and cons are illustrated using population estimates of folic acid, calcium, and vitamin D intake, highlighting concerns related to overconsumption of nutrients that should be addressed by regulatory agencies.