Development of a novel milk‐based fermented product fortified with wheat germ

Wheat germ (WG) was mixed with water (1:5), heated (85 °C/15 min), cooled and used to replace 0, 20, 30 and 40% (w/w) of standardised cow's milk (3% fat), supplemented with 2%(w/w) skim milk powder. Yoghurt‐like fermented products were prepared from the different formulations, stored at 7 ± 2 °C for 15 days, and analysed for chemical composition, pH, microbiological quality, texture profile (TPA), viscosity, syneresis and sensory properties. The addition of WG slurry enhanced acid development during fermentation and increased the viscosity of the fermented products. Nutritious milk‐based fermented products of acceptable composition and quality could be prepared from formulations containing 20% (w/w) WG slurry.     

Phytostanols and phytosterols distributions in corn kernel

Recently, industry has focused attention on plant matrices rich in phytosterols and phytostanols for their ability to reduce serum cholesterol levels. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the phytosterols and phytostanols contents of different fractions (endosperm, pericarp, germ) of corn kernel. The germ fraction contained more oil (24.2–30.7%) than endosperm and pericarp fractions (0.4–1.2%). Endosperm oil had the highest levels of phytostanols and 4,4-dimethylsterols, while pericarp oil had the greatest amounts of 4-desmethylsterols and 4-monomethylsterols. In the oil extracted from three corn kernel fractions sitostanol was the predominant phytostanols (77–87%), followed by campestanol (13–23%). The high percentages of 24–methylencycloartanol and cycloartenol were detected in the endosperm and pericarp parts, respectively. Citrostadienol was detected in corn germ oil as the main component of the 4-monomethylsterols fraction. In different parts of corn kernel, β-sitosterol (62–69%) was the major 4-desmethylsterol, followed by campesterol (11–18%) and stigmasterol (5–13%).     

局部照射和全身照射诱发小鼠精原细胞染色体畸变的比较

本文对X线照射小鼠睾丸组织和全身均匀照射诱发精原细胞染色体易位率进行了比较。两种不同照射方式所诱发的易位率都随剂量增加而增高,其剂量效应关系均符合y=a+bD关系式。全身照射明显高于局部受照,从而提示用全身均匀照射的遗传风险来估价睾丸组织受照的遗传效应是不适宜的,它过高的估价了遗传危险度。因此对常见的生殖器官局部受照的遗传危害,应该用局部照射的资料来评估,更接近实际。     

电离辐射攻击性大剂量与小鼠生殖细胞适应性反应

以０．０５Ｇｙ的Ｘ射线为Ｄ１剂量，预先对雄性昆明种小白鼠进行适应性照射，然后以０．７５～３．７５Ｇｙ的Ｘ射线为Ｄ２剂量，进行攻击性照射，观察其精原细胞，初级精母细胞染色体色畸变和精原干细胞染色体易位的适应性反应，其结果表明，三种细胞在０．７５～３．００Ｇｙ之间都出现了不同程度的适应性反应现象，３．７５Ｇｙ适应性反应不明显。说明适应性反应是一定限度的，即Ｄ２的剂量是有一定范围的。     

高分子功能材料及在传感器中的应用——生物传感器(连载八)

介绍了生物传感器的分类、固定化技术及主要应用情况。     

Oxidative Stability and Characterization of Quinoa Oil Extracted from Wholemeal and Germ Flours

Quinoa seeds are a source of lipids of great quality, and they highlight the content and composition of fatty acids and the presence of antioxidants such as tocopherols. Solvent extraction of quinoa oils was carried out from two matrices (wholemeal and germ flours), and in both cases, the extraction performance, physical–chemical characteristics, and oxidative stability were determined. Oxidative stability of the oil was assessed using an accelerated aging experiment under storage conditions at 60 °C for 12 days, in which the following parameters were measured: peroxide value, acid value, conjugated dienes and trienes, and scavenging radical capacity. Germ flour showed greater extraction yields (27.30 ± 0.15 g/100 g) compared to wholemeal (5.88 ± 0.02 g/100 g). Both oils presented similar physicochemical parameters, although the tocopherol content was higher in the oil extracted from germ flour (1354 vs. 735 mg/kg oil). At the same time, wholemeal oil showed a superior oxidative stability; hence, the wet milled process produces a minor impact on the compounds responsible for protection against lipid oxidation.     

Allergenic and immunogenic potential of cow's milk β-lactoglobulin and caseins evidenced without adjuvant in germ-free mice

Scope: In most animal models of allergy, the development of an IgE response requires the use of an adjuvant. Germ‐free (GF) mice exhibit Th2‐polarized antibody responses combined with defective immunosuppressive mechanisms. The sensitizing potential of milk proteins was investigated in GF mice in the absence of adjuvant. Methods and results: β‐lactoglobulin (BLG) and whole casein (CAS) allergenicity was evaluated by means of intraperitoneal injections without adjuvant. Injections of BLG induced significant IgE and IgG1 responses in GF mice, while CAS injections provoked the production of IgG1 toward κ‐ and αS1‐caseins. No significant antibody response was evidenced in conventional (CV) mice. After in vitro BLG‐reactivation, IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐13 and IFN‐γ productions by splenocytes were higher in GF mice than in CV mice. Heat‐treatment decreased BLG allergenicity as indicated by the absence of IgE production in GF mice. However, heat‐treatment increased protein immunogenicity and led to the production of anti‐BLG and anti‐κ‐casein IgG1 in both GF and CV mice. This correlated with enhanced productions of IL‐4, IL‐5 and IL‐13 in BLG‐reactivated splenocytes from CV mice. Conclusion: Gut colonization by commensal bacteria appeared then to significantly reduce the susceptibility of mice toward the intrinsic allergenic and immunogenic potential of milk proteins.     

淡水小龙虾中金黄色葡萄球菌超高压杀菌模型建立

本文选用超高压技术对淡水小龙虾进行杀菌处理。借助于Box-Behnken试验设计方法,考察了不同温度和保压时间协同超高压对金黄色葡萄球菌的作用效果,建立了金黄色葡萄球菌超高压杀菌模型,并利用SPSS对数据进行相关性分析、验证,得到实测值与预测值的相关系数为0.9912。     

麦胚对小鼠自由基损伤的保护作用

目的研究含一定量的麦胚食物对小鼠血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、组织及血清中脂质过氧化物(LPO)含量和血清肌红蛋白(Mb)含量的影响,探讨其清除机体自由基、提高免疫力、延缓衰老等方面的效果。方法通过测定负重小鼠游泳前后血清和组织中LPO含量、血清Mb含量、血清SOD活力的变化,观察麦胚对其影响。结果小鼠血清中SOD活力显著上升(P<0.01);LPO含量显著下降(P<0.01);Mb含量显著下降(P<0.01)。结论 麦胚对自由基损伤具有保护作用。