A new application of giant reed waste material for ammonium removal

Excess nitrogen is one of the main causes of eutrophication in water bodies. In this study, the undesirable agricultural lignocellulosic material giant reed was used to remove ammonium ions from aqueous solutions. Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of various parameters such as contact time, initial ammonium concentration, adsorbent dosage, pH, particle size, agitation rate and phosphate coexisting during the ammonium adsorption process. The ammonium sorption capacity of fibrous giant reed (FGR) at equilibrium was 12.49?mg?N/g with a maximum removal efficiency of 76% observed within 30?min at pH range of 6.5–9.5. Results revealed that the Freundlich isotherm model fitted better with the sorption process than the Langmuir model, and the adsorption process was well described by pseudo-second-order kinetic model. FT-IR analyses indicated that complexation and ion exchange could be the main mechanisms for the ammonium removal by FGR. Results revealed that FGR has a sorption capacity comparable to that of other natural sorbents with the advantage of greater availability with no cost.     

VCR412在OTR轮胎胎侧胶中的应用

试验研究高顺式聚丁二烯复合橡胶VCR412在全钢巨型工程机械子午线轮胎胎侧胶中的应用。结果表明：配方中在相同的炭黑用量情况下与镍系顺丁橡胶相比高顺式聚丁二烯复合橡胶定伸更高,且具有较好综合物理性能及较低的压缩生热;在同等300%定伸VCR412配方炭黑减量相比镍系顺丁橡胶炭黑量不变情况下,综合物理性能更好且具有优异的抗屈挠裂口增长性能及更低压缩生热。     

NiO/NiFe/Cu/NiFe自旋阀中巨磁电阻效应的各向异性

用射频磁控溅射的方法制备自旋阀NiO／NiFe／Cu／NiFe,通过改变外磁场、电流以及钉扎层易轴间的相对取向,研究自旋阀中的磁电阻与三者相对取向间的关系。结果表明,在自旋阀中磁电阻效应具有各向异性的特点。各向异性的起因在于磁性材料的磁各向异性和磁性材料中电子散射的各向异性。     

Giant strain response with low hysteresis in potassium sodium niobate based lead-free ceramics

In this work, the relationships between the composition-driven phase boundary, ferroelectricity and strain properties of the (1-x)(K_0.48Na_0.52)(Nb_1-ySb_y)O₃-xBi_0.5(Na_0.82K_0.18)_0.5ZrO₃ (abbreviated as (1-x)KNN_1-yS_y-xBNKZ) ceramics were investigated. A giant electric field-induced strain of 0.3% (d₃₃¹ = 750 p.m./V) and a low hysteresis (16.4%) were obtained in the 0.97KNN_0.98S_0.02-0.03BNKZ ceramics. The giant strain is attributed to the enhanced piezoelectricity induced by the appearance of the O-T phase boundary and the electric-field-induced phase transition from the relaxor phase to the ferroelectric phase. Furthermore, the 0.97KNN_0.98S_0.02-0.03BNKZ ceramics exhibit good thermal stability in the temperature range from 25 °C to 150 °C. Hence, this work can promote the practical applications of KNN-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramics in highly sensitive and precise piezoelectric actuators.     

超磁致伸缩微位移给进器异形板弹簧有限元分析

超磁致伸缩微位移给进器是以超磁致伸缩材料为核心、以自动控制理论为基础典型的机电产品。主要通过超磁致伸缩致动元件和微位移传感器实现闭环控制系统，并在软件上实现对磁致伸缩滞后等因素进行补偿，完成车刀的精密给进。根据内燃机活塞异形加工的要求，对超磁致伸缩微位移给进器的关键部件-异形板弹簧进行了有限元分析。通过有限元的计算结果发现，该异形板弹簧的最大应力值出现在弹簧的螺栓孔处，最大变形位置为顶端。这在设计时必须加以考虑。     

磁致伸缩薄膜动态驱动特性的研究

提出一种新的磁致伸缩薄膜动态驱动特性的研究方法,其原理是以磁致伸缩薄膜复合梁的等效形变为基础,将磁致伸缩驱动应力转换为等效驱动力矩,建立磁致伸缩薄膜的强迫振动动态模型,通过受迫振动理论来研究磁致伸缩薄膜的动态特性。对该模型进行了仿真计算和试验验证,表明该模型可以描述磁致伸缩薄膜的动态行为。该方法对薄膜驱动器的运动分析与结构优化。最终实现基于磁场自感知的超磁致伸缩薄膜驱动器的闭环控制具有参考意义。     

计及涡流效应和应力变化的超磁致伸缩换能器的动态模型

文中在Jiles—Atherton磁滞模型和换能器振动系统的结构动力学原理的基础上，考虑交流驱动时的涡流效应和应力状态的变化，建立了超磁致伸缩换能器的磁弹性动态模型。对换能器系统不同工作情况进行模型的仿真计算并与实验结果对比，发现模型与实验吻合较好。说明所建立的动态模型能较好地描述换能器系统输出应变与驱动磁场之间的关系。根据模型的计算结果拟合出了换能器系统的伯德图，用于指导对换能器系统进行频率跟踪控制。     

Chemical cues identify gender and individuality in Giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)

The Giant panda communicates with conspecifics by depositing a mixture of volatile compounds (called scent marks) on trees and rocks. Using mass spectrometry, we identified 951 chemical components from scent glands, urine, vaginal secretions, and scent marks made by pandas. The scent marks of the two genders contained a similar array of chemicals but varied in concentration; specifically, males possessed a significantly greater amount of short chain fatty acids (F(1, 29) = 18.4, P = 0.002). Using stepwise discriminate analysis on the relative proportions of a subset of these chemicals, it was possible to classify gender (94% for males and females) and individuality (81% for males and 91% for females) from scent marks. The power to identify individual males was reduced due to the relatedness of two subjects. By cracking the identity code of Giant panda communication, we show insights into how these animals can match individuals with unique chemical profiles. Since radiocollaring is currently banned in China, the techniques described in this paper give field biologists a new means to identify and track pandas in the wild.     

Symmetry energy dependence of the pygmy and giant dipole resonances in an isospin dependent quantum molecular dynamics model

Isospin-dependent Quantum Molecular Dynamics model (IQMD) has been applied to investigate the Pygmy Dipole Resonance (PDR) and Giant Dipole Resonance (GDR) in Ni isotopes by Coulomb excitation. By Gaussian fitting to the photon emission spectra, the peak energies and strengths of PDR and GDR are extracted. Their sensitivities to impact parameter, incident energy and the symmetry energy are discussed. By the comparison of energy-weighted sum rule (EWSR) with the data and other calculations for 68 Ni, the parameters of density-dependence of symmetry energy in the IQMD are constrained. In addition, the N/Z dependence of PDR and GDR parameters of Ni isotopes are investigated, and the results that the EWSR increases linearly with the N/Z are obtained.