苏云金芽孢杆菌液体发酵的研究

对苏云金芽孢杆菌发酵清液进行了工艺条件优化研究,通过试验确定其适宜发酵工艺条件为:溶解氧大于3%,培养温度:1～20 h为30℃,20h以后为33℃,补糖量为2%,发酵周期29h.在此条件下,进行发酵可使发酵液生物效价达到5200 IU/uL的水平,制得干粉生物效价达到120000 IU/uL,晶体含量达12%.     

Lipid production in Porphyridium cruentum grown under different culture conditions

Autotrophic growth of Porphyridium cruentum under 18:12 h and 12:12 h light:dark cycles showed the maximum cell concentration of 2.1 g-dry wt./L, whereas the specific growth rate, 0.042 (1/h), at 18:6 h is faster than that of 12:12 h, 0.031 (1/h), respectively. The highest lipid accumulation level, 19.3 (%, w/w), was achieved at 12:12 h cycle. Under dark cultivation condition with 10 g/L of glucose, the lipid accumulation in the cell was 10.9 (%, w/w), whereas the heterotrophic growth with glycerol as the carbon resource showed low level of cell concentration and lipid production, compared to that of glucose. The glucose was decided to be a suitable carbon resource for the heterotrophic growth of P. cruentum. The lipids from P. cruentum seemed be feasible for biodiesel production, because over 30% of the lipid was C₁₆–C_18:1. The cultivation time and temperature were important factors to increase the maximum cell concentration. Extending the cultivation time helps maintain the maximum cell concentration, and higher lipid accumulation was achieved at 25 °C, compared to 35 °C. The fed-batch cultures showed that, under the light condition, the specific production rate was slightly decreased to 0.4% lipid/g-dry wt./day at the later stage, whereas, under the dark condition, the specific production rate was maintained to be a maximum value of 1.1% lipid/g-dry wt./day, even in the later stage of cultivation. The results indicate that the heterotrophic or 12:12 h cyclic mixotrophic growth of P. cruentum could be used for the production of biodiesel in long-term fed-batch cultivation of P. cruentum.     

关于葡萄糖异构化过程中DE值下降原因的探讨

从还原力的角度探讨了葡萄糖异构化生产果葡糖浆过程中葡萄糖值下降的原因，研究了异构化过程中DE值与果糖含量的关系。结果表明，由于果糖的还原力比葡萄糖低，葡萄糖值随异构化所产生的果糖含量增加而降低，因此，葡萄糖异构化过程中DE值下降属于正常现象。     

L-阿拉伯糖对正常及高糖高脂喂养大鼠生长及糖脂代谢的影响

目的观察L-阿拉伯糖对正常大鼠和高糖高脂喂养大鼠生长及糖脂代谢的影响。方法雄性Wistar大鼠60只,按体重和空腹血糖随机分为6组(n=10):空白对照组、高剂量对照组、模型对照组以及L-阿拉伯糖低、中、高剂量实验组,分别以普通饲料和高糖高脂饲料喂养6周,观察大鼠的体重、食物利用率,测定大鼠的糖脂代谢指标。结果L-阿拉伯糖对正常大鼠的体重、体脂、食物利用率、空腹血糖均无影响;能显著提高正常大鼠的糖耐量(P<0.01);降低正常大鼠的血清甘油三酯(P<0.05)并增高血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(P<0.01)。模型对照组和各实验组大鼠的体重、体脂、糖耐量、血清总胆固醇均显著高于空白对照组(P<0.05)。以87.5、175、525mg/kgBW剂量的L-阿拉伯糖灌胃高糖高脂饲料喂养的肥胖模型大鼠6周,各剂量L-阿拉伯糖均能显著改善肥胖模型大鼠的糖耐量(P<0.01),高剂量组大鼠的体脂含量明显下降(P<0.05)。结论L-阿拉伯糖能显著增强正常和高糖高脂喂养大鼠的糖耐量,降低大鼠血清甘油三酯,增高血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇,并有降低大鼠体脂含量和减缓体重增加的趋势。     

黄芪对嗜酸乳杆菌生长及其产酶活的影响

研究添加不同浓度的黄芪提取液对嗜酸乳杆菌生长及产酶能力的影响,对比在改良的MRS培养基中添加与未添加黄芪提取液对嗜酸乳杆菌的生物量和生长周期的影响,同时测定了嗜酸乳杆菌产β-半乳糖苷酶、葡萄糖氧化酶和淀粉酶的酶活,确定黄芪提取液的最佳添加浓度.结果表明:当添加黄芪提取液浓度为0.032mg/mL时对嗜酸乳杆菌生长有明显的促进作用,且在此浓度下pH达最低值3.88;当添加黄芪提取液浓度为0.016g/mL时,嗜酸乳杆菌产β-半乳糖苷酶、葡萄糖氧化酶和淀粉酶的酶活达到最高值,分别为387.56、14.42、4.4U.     

催化氧化法以葡萄糖制取葡萄糖酸镁的研究

用钯／发作催化剂，用空气氧化葡萄糖，制取了葡萄糖酸镁，葡萄糖氧化转化率达95％。研究了葡萄糖浓度、搅拌速度、空气流量、反应温度对葡萄糖催化氧化转化的影响。     

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) increases glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity in muscle cells via multipathway mechanisms

Saffron (Crocus sativus Linn.) has been an important subject of research in the past two decades because of its various biological properties, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-atherosclerotic activities. On the other hand, the molecular bases of its actions have been scarcely understood. Here, we elucidated the mechanism of the hypoglycemic actions of saffron through investigating its signaling pathways associated with glucose metabolism in C₂C₁₂ skeletal muscle cells. Saffron strongly enhanced glucose uptake and the phosphorylation of AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase)/ACC (acetyl-CoA carboxylase) and MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases), but not PI 3-kinase (Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase)/Akt. Interestingly, the co-treatment of saffron and insulin further improved the insulin sensitivity via both insulin-independent (AMPK/ACC and MAPKs) and insulin-dependent (PI 3-kinase/Akt and mTOR) pathways. It also suggested that there is a crosstalk between the two signaling pathways of glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle cells. These results could be confirmed from the findings of GLUT4 translocation. Taken together, AMPK plays a major role in the effects of saffron on glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle cells. Our study provides important insights for the possible mechanism of action of saffron and its potential as a therapeutic agent in diabetic patients.     

“水解植物蛋白液 葡萄糖”模型热反应中 3-氯-1,2-丙二醇的研究

通过设计“水解植物蛋白液 葡萄糖”模型热反应,考察了不同3-氯-1,2-丙二醇 (3-MCPD)含量的HVP液、葡萄糖用量、反应温度、反应时间等因素对热反应产物中 3-MCPD 含量的影响。结果表明：模型热反应产物中 3-MCPD 含量随着 HVP 液中 3-MCPD 的含量增加而增加;随着葡萄糖用量增加而减少;随着反应温度的升高,3-MCPD 的量先增加后减少;热反应时间越长,3-MCPD 的含量越高。     

葡萄糖异构酶的研究——酶的分离提纯

葡萄糖异构酶细胞经丙酮处理,缓冲液抽提。DEAE—纤维素离子交挟柱层析和Sephadex G—200凝胶柱层析等方法得到分离井纯化。该法与超声破碎法相比,比活提高3.3倍,活力收率为74%,得到了高纯度异构酶,经Sephadex G—200凝胶柱层析获得较高收率的电泳纯制品。