SBR处理村镇生活污水试验研究

研究了用SBR处理系统在不同水力停留时间,不同污泥龄(SRT),不同温度条件下对村镇生活污水的去除有机物、脱氮除磷效果。结果表明,考虑到脱氮除磷效果并兼顾经济的原则,水力停留时间采用6h比较合理,SBR反应器的最适SRT为20d;温度SBR反应器的除磷效果影响较小,SBR反应器更适合处理低温污水。     

一体式平板膜生物反应器处理维生素制药废水中试研究

采用规模为5 m~3·h~(-1)左右的一体式平板膜生物反应器对维生素制药废水进行了中试研究.试验结果表明,用此装置处理维生素制药废水,出水水质稳定良好.工艺对COD和NH_4~+-N的去除率分别达到80%和90%以上,出水完全达到了发酵类制药工业水污染物排放标准(GB21903-2008)的排放要求;当HRT分别取12,22、26h时,对系统去除率有较大的影响;污泥浓度是影响膜通量的一个重要因素,污泥质量浓度应控制在7 g·L~(-1)左右;虽然污泥的沉降性能非常差,SV平均值为97.8%,但由于膜的高效截留作用,反应器不受污泥的性状的影响.     

ABR反应器对垃圾渗滤液的处理试验研究

ABR工艺在处理垃圾渗滤液中具有其他厌氧生物反应器所达不到的优点。尤其是对B/C低、氨氮浓度高、COD浓度高的废水处理,通过调节回流比、HRT、碱度等参数后,可以取得很好的处理效果。在本次实验中,HRT控制在18h后明显提高的垃圾渗滤液的可生化性及C/N,使ABR出水CODcr去除率达到75%,C/N为6.72,对后续好氧反应起到了重要作用。在调控一定回流比后,为提供厌氧氨氧化所需的电子受体NO-3和NO-2实现脱氮。反应器在经过120d的培养驯化,氨氮进水为460mg/L,ABR对氨氮的去除率稳定在80%。不同格室的厌氧颗粒污泥都得到很好的驯化并在其合适的环境中发挥各自的功能。     

亚硝酸型硝化反应器处理中老龄垃圾渗滤液研究

在不控制体系pH值的条件下,研究了温度、水力停留时间和溶解氧对亚硝酸型硝化反应器处理中老龄垃圾渗滤液的影响.试验结果表明,在氨氮负荷率为0.069 0～0.284 3gNH4+-N/(gVSS·d)的条件下,可获得令人满意的亚硝化性能,出水NO2--N/NOx--N值为87%～95%.亚硝酸氮稳定积累的主导因素是体系中游离氨(FA)和游离亚硝酸(FNA)对硝酸菌的交替抑制作用.     

CFD simulation of an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor for biohydrogen production

Understanding how a bioreactor functions is a necessary precursor for successful reactor design and operation. This paper describes a two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulation of three-phase gas–liquid–solid flow in an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor used for biohydrogen production. An Eulerian–Eulerian model was formulated to simulate reaction zone hydrodynamics in an EGSB reactor with various hydraulic retention times (HRT). The three-phase system displayed a very heterogeneous flow pattern especially at long HRTs. The core-annulus structure developed may lead to back-mixing and internal circulation behavior, which in turn gives poor velocity distribution. The force balance between the solid and gas phases is a particular illustration of the importance of the interphase rules in determining the efficiency of biohydrogen production. The nature of gas bubble formation influences velocity distribution and hence sludge particle movement. The model demonstrates a qualitative relationship between hydrodynamics and biohydrogen production, implying that controlling hydraulic retention time is a critical factor in biohydrogen-production.     

Statistical optimization of operating parameters of microbial electrolysis cell treating dairy industry wastewater using quadratic model to enhance energy generation

The performance of Microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) is affected by several operating conditions. Therefore, in the present study, an optimization study was done to determine the working efficiency of MEC in terms of COD (chemical oxygen demand) removal, hydrogen and current generation. Optimization was carried out using a quadratic mathematical model of response surface methodology (RSM). Thirteen sets of experimental runs were performed to optimize the applied voltage and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of single chambered batch fed MEC operated with dairy industry wastewater. The operating conditions (i.e) an applied voltage of 0.8 V and HRT of 2 days that showed a maximum COD removal response was chosen for further studies. The MEC operated at optimized condition (HRT- 2 days and applied voltage- 0.8 V) showed a COD removal efficiency of 95 ± 2%, hydrogen generation of 32 ± 5 mL/L/d, Power density of 152 mW/cm² and current generation of 19 mA. The results of the study implied that RSM, with its high degree of accuracy can be a reliable tool for optimizing the process of wastewater treatment. Also, dairy industry wastewater can be considered to be a potential source to generate hydrogen and energy through MEC at short HRT.     

Continuous biohydrogen production from liquid swine manure supplemented with glucose using an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor

Liquid swine manure supplemented with glucose (10 g/L) was used as substrate for hydrogen production using an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor at 37 ± 1 °C and pH 5.0 under different hydraulic retention times (HRTs). Decreasing HRT from 24 to 8 h caused an increasing hydrogen production rate from 0.05 to 0.15 L/h/L. Production rates of both total biogas and hydrogen were linearly correlated to HRT with R² being 0.993 and 0.997, respectively. The hydrogen yield ranged between 1.18 and 1.63 mol-H₂/mol glucose and the 12 h HRT was preferred for high production rate and efficient yield. For all the five HRTs examined, the glucose utilization efficiency was over 98%. The biogas mainly consisted of carbon dioxide and hydrogen (up to 43%) with no methane detected throughout the experiment. Ethanol and organic acids were the major aqueous metabolites produced during fermentation, with acetic acid accounting for 56–58%. The hydrogen yield was found to be related to the acetate/butyrate ratio.     

前置反硝化曝气生物滤池处理低浓度生活污水

在水力停留时间(hydraulic retention time,HRT)为1 h和2 h、气水比为5:1、回流比为100%的条件下,考察了前置反硝化曝气生物滤池工艺对低浓度生活污水的处理效果,并研究了反冲洗对该工艺去除效果的影响。试验结果表明:当HRT为2 h时,前置反硝化曝气生物滤池对低浓度生活污水中COD、NH_4~+-N和TN的平均去除率分别为70%、91%和53%,当HRT降至1 h时,COD、NH_4~+-N和TN平均去除率分别降低12%、34%和20%。在反冲洗后2～3 h,该工艺能恢复到正常处理水平。     

高负荷厌氧氨氧化的稳定性试验研究

为探讨高负荷条件下复合式UASB反应器中厌氧氨氧化反应的脱氮性能和稳定性,在已经成功启动并稳定运行的厌氧氨氧化反应器中,通过提高进水总氮浓度和缩短水力停留时间两种方式提高总氮负荷,考察脱氮效果。结果表明,通过逐步提高进水总氮浓度和缩短HRT可以提高厌氧氨氧化反应的总氮负荷,并获得理想的脱氮效果和运行稳定性,但过高的亚硝态氮浓度会对反应产生一定的抑制作用。     

一体式膜生物反应器的HRT确定

推导了一体式MBR污水处理系统中HRT的计算公式，并应用该公式对一体式MBR处理生活污水与回用工艺中的HRT进行了计算，其结果与试验结果相一致。