内循环三相流化床反应器处理味精废水的研究

研究以陶粒粒子为载体,采用快速排泥挂膜法,在内循环三相流化床反应器运行过程中逐渐加大进水量和进水浓度,使微生物适应高氨氮废水环境;研究了水力停留时间、NH4＋-N浓度负荷冲击对NH4＋-N去除率的影响.结果表明：内循环三相流化床可用于处理高NH4＋-N废水;底物浓度越高水力停留时间越长;内循环三相流化床具有较好的抗负荷冲击能力,有利于解决实际废水水质不稳定难以达标排放的困难.     

水力停留时间对改良型AAO-MBR工艺处理夏季农村生活污水的影响

水力停留时间(HRT)是影响AAO工艺脱氮除磷效率的重要因素.采用改良型AAO-MBR工艺处理某农村生活污水,考察了夏季时HRT对处理装置出水效果的影响.试验结果表明,该工艺对低浓度农村生活污水中CODCr、氨氮的去除效果较稳定,平均去除率分别为69.50％、98.90％.TN去除率为26.50％～56.60％,随厌氧...     

Direction of glucose fermentation towards hydrogen or ethanol production through on-line pH control

The present study investigated the production of hydrogen (H₂) and ethanol from glucose in an Anaerobic Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (ACSTR). Effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and pH on the preference of producing H₂ and/or ethanol and other soluble metabolic products in an open anaerobic enriched culture were studied. Production rates of H₂ and ethanol increased with the increase of biomass concentration. Open anaerobic fermentation was directed and managed through on-line pH control for the production of H₂ or ethanol. Hydrogen was produced by ethanol and acetate-butyrate type fermentations. pH has strong effect on the H₂ or ethanol production by changing fermentation pathways. ACSTR produced mainly ethanol at over pH 5.5 whereas highest H₂ production was obtained at pH 5.0. pH 4.9 favored the lactate production and accumulation of lactate inhibited the biomass concentration in the reactor and the production of H₂ and ethanol. The microbial community structure quickly responded to pH changes and the Clostridia dominated in ACSTR during the study. H₂ production was maintained mainly by Clostridium butyricum whereas in the presence of Bacillus coagulans glucose oxidation was directed to lactate production.     

UASB处理污水现状及效果分析

说明UASB反应器的基本构造和工作原理,以及现阶段对其启动的主要研究方向问题,全面介绍UASB的应用现状．对其处理各种废水效果进行分析,并对其运行处理过程的一些问题提出自己的看法,总结UASB下一步的发展方向。     

人工湿地氧状态影响因素研究

试验研究了人工湿地中水力停留时间、植物、填料和水力流态对净化效率和氧状态的影响。结果表明,湿地溶氧和净化效果受水力停留时间影响较大,最佳停留时间时溶解氧出现最低值;植物种类的不同将影响湿地供氧;填料孔隙率和表面性质的不同将直接影响其复氧效果;垂直流人工湿地独特的结构设计和水力流态使其更有利于湿地内部的供氧。     

Effects of hydraulic and solids retention times on productivity and settleability of microbial (microalgal-bacterial) biomass grown on primary treated wastewater as a biofuel feedstock

High biomass productivity and efficient harvesting are currently recognized challenges in microbial biofuel applications. To produce naturally settleable biomass, combined growth of native microalgae and bacteria was facilitated in laboratory sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) using primary treated wastewater from the Christchurch Wastewater Treatment Plant (CWTP) in New Zealand. SBRs were operated under a simulated, local, summer climate (i.e., 925 μmol/m²/s of photosynthetically active radiation for 14.7 h per day at 21 °C mean water temperature) using 1.4- to 8-day hydraulic retention times (HRTs) to optimize growth. Solids retention times (SRTs) were varied from 4 to 40 days by discharging different ratios of supernatant and completely mixed culture. Biomass productivity up to 31 g/m²/day of solids was obtained, and it generally increased as retention times decreased. Biomass settleability was typically 70-95%, and the microbes aggregated into compact flocs as cultures aged up to four months. Due to a low lipid content of 10.5%, anaerobic digestion appeared to be the most appropriate biofuel conversion process with potential to generate 19,200 m³/ha/yr of methane based on settleable mixture productivity.     

生物沸石溶气滤罐处理低温微污染原水的中试

为考察以沸石为填料的溶气滤罐的性能，以低温微污染水为原水进行中试，分析其对氨氮、CODMn和浊度的去除效果，并以π定理推导的综合指标评价滤罐性能。结果表明：夏季运行20d后，对氨氮的去除率稳定在65％，出水NO2^-N浓度较低，生物膜成熟；低温时，HRT由1．5h减少至0.5h，对浊度、氨氮和CODM。的平均去除率分别降低30％、25％和10％。最短和最长HRT下的滤罐综合性能指标较小，综合考虑保证较低滤罐综合性能指标和较好出水水质，HRT可取1．5h，此时出水氨氮浓度〈2mg／L。     

注浆法在治理自燃矸石山工程中的应用

通过分析矸石自燃原理,提出采用注浆法对自燃矸石山进行治理,并结合某煤矿工程中矸石山治理实例,依据相关检测标准,证明了注浆法是治理自燃矸石山的一种有效方法。     

Dosing free nitrous acid for sulfide control in sewers: Results of field trials in Australia

Intermittent dosing of free nitrous acid (FNA), with or without the simultaneous dosing of hydrogen peroxide, is a new strategy developed recently for the control of sulfide production in sewers. Six-month field trials have been carried out in a rising main sewer in Australia (150 mm in diameter and 1080 m in length) to evaluate the performance of the strategy that was previously demonstrated in laboratory studies. In each trial, FNA was dosed at a pumping station for a period of 8 or 24 h, some with simultaneous hydrogen peroxide dosing. The sulfide control effectiveness was monitored by measuring, on-line, the dissolved sulfide concentration at a downstream location of the pipeline (828 m from the pumping station) and the gaseous H₂S concentration at the discharge manhole. Effective sulfide control was achieved in all nine consecutive trials, with sulfide production reduced by more than 80% in 10 days following each dose. Later trials achieved better control efficiency than the first few trials possibly due to the disrupting effects of FNA on sewer biofilms. This suggests that an initial strong dose (more chemical consumption) followed by maintenance dosing (less chemical consumption) could be a very cost-effective way to achieve consistent control efficiency. It was also found that heavy rainfall slowed the recovery of sulfide production after dosing, likely due to the dilution effects and reduced retention time. Overall, intermittent dose of FNA or FNA in combination with H₂O₂ was successfully demonstrated to be a cost-effective method for sulfide control in rising main sewers.     

新型一体化生物反应器的同步脱氮除磷影响因素研究

为了提高对污水的处理效能,设计了一种新型一体化生物反应器并采用其处理生活污水,研究了DO和HRT对同步脱氮除磷效果的影响,并探讨了其实现机理。试验结果表明：在进水COD为290～510mg／L、MLSS为2500mg／L、污泥龄为15d以及好氧区和缺氧区的溶解氧分别为2mg／L和0．2mg／L时,系统的脱氮除磷效果较好,对TN、TP的去除率分别可达80％和90％,DO过高或过低都会影响同步脱氮除磷的效果。控制DO为最优值,并保持其他操作条件相同,当HRT为12h时对总氮和总磷的去除率均在80％以上,随着HRT的延长,同步脱氮除磷效果反而下降。该一体化反应器集厌氧、缺氧和好氧区为一体,在一定的运行条件下能够实现同步脱氮除磷,是处理生活污水的有效方法。