Wheat-Legume Composite Flour Quality

Wheat-legume composite flours were produced by blending Canada Western Extra Strong (CWES) and Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat with varying amounts of three legume proteins. Legume protein addition produced breads with lower specific loaf volume, coarser crumb and firmer texture, and cooked white-salted noodles with greater compression stress and less cutting stress than the wheat controls. The CWES wheat compensated for the negative baking effects of the legume proteins as much as the CWRS wheat. End-use quality did not change at 2% soybean protein addition. Yellow pea protein produced the greatest quality changes, followed by chickpea and soybean protein.     

Occurrence of fumonisins and aflatoxins in cereals from markets of Hebei province of China

Fumonisins B₁, B₂ and B₃ (FB₁, FB₂ and FB₃) and aflatoxins B₁ (AFB₁), B₂ (AFB₂), G₁ (AFG₁) and G₂ (AFG₂) are both major mycotoxins of food concern, because of their wide range of concentration and possible co-occurrence. Therefore, a contamination survey in corn and wheat flour by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was carried out. Quantification of fumonisins and aflatoxins was based on internal calibration (by the use of ¹³C₃₄-fumonisin) and external calibration, respectively. Fumonisins were detected in 95% of corn samples and in 7% of wheat flour samples, with the mean level (FB₁?+?FB₂?+?FB₃) of 441?µg?kg^?1 and 0.09?µg?kg^?1, respectively. Low levels of aflatoxins were detected in 37% of the samples with a mean level (B₁?+?B₂?+?G₁?+?G₂) of 0.12?µg?kg^?1. Fumonisins and aflatoxins were not detected in 29% of the samples analysed. Simultaneous occurrence of fumonisins and aflatoxins was observed in 12% of samples.     

草莓复合涂膜保鲜效果的研究

以草莓为实验原料,采用魔芋精粉、丁香提取物和氯化钙复合涂膜方法对草莓进行涂膜保鲜实验。选择失重率和Vc含量为指标,以单因素实验和正交实验优化保鲜膜配方,结果表明,常温下,魔芋精粉浓度0.5%、丁香提取物浓度2.0%、氯化钙浓度1.2%的复合涂膜剂对草莓的保鲜效果最好,有效地延长了保质期。该最佳配比的复合涂膜剂在低温下对草莓的保鲜效果比在室温下更显著,相关指标明显优于室温下的涂膜组。     

Physicochemical property changes in germinated brown rice flour from different storage periods of paddy rice

This study revealed that the storage duration (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 months) of paddy rice and pH (3 and 6.8) of steeping water during germination were significantly influenced the physicochemical properties of germinated brown rice flour (GBRF). GBRF obtained at pH 3 vs. 6.8 provided the highest both reducing sugar content and free gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) content (99.8 vs. 54.2 mg per 100 g flour respectively) as the paddy rice was stored for 8 months. The peak viscosity of GBRF obtained at pH 3 and 6.8 exhibited the lower values than that of non‐GBRF throughout the storage. From the principal component analysis, reducing sugar had a positive correlation with α‐amylase activity whereas a negative correlation was found with peak viscosity. GBRF from paddy rice stored for 8 months and germinated at pH 3 possessed the highest free GABA content, 50 times of the non‐GBRF, which can be further utilised in functional and healthy foods.     

Rheological properties of wheat flour and quality characteristics of pan bread as modified by partial additions of wheat bran or whole grain wheat flour

The use of bran and whole grain flour changes dough rheology and causes difficulties in manufacturing bakery products. The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of substituting refined wheat flour (WF) by wheat bran (WB; 5%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%) or whole grain wheat flour (WGWF; 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%) on dough rheological properties and pan bread quality characteristics. The addition of WB and WGWF increased water absorption and resistance to extension and decreased stability, extensibility and peak viscosity. Effects with WB were more pronounced. The presence of WB or WGWF increased crumb moisture content, firmness and hardness and decreased specific volume of pan bread. It is important to set new farinographic and extensographic standards when using WB and WGWF, allowing for a correct correlation between rheology and quality characteristics of bakery products, as the same standards used for WF are not valid.     

Effect of adding fresh and freeze‐dried buckwheat sourdough on gluten‐free bread quality

This study demonstrates new possibilities in using freeze‐dried buckwheat sourdoughs in the processing of gluten‐free bread (GFB). Fresh and freeze‐dried (at temperatures of 20, 40 and 60 °C) sourdoughs were added in the amounts of 10, 20, 30 and 40% of the total flour content. Significant and beneficial changes in the quality of bread under the influence of different quantities of fresh and freeze‐dried sourdoughs additive were observed. Freeze‐dried buckwheat sourdoughs at the level of 20 and 30% gave the best baking results for GFB. pH of bread significantly changed, which had a positive effect on increasing its suitability for the storage. Buckwheat sourdough dried at 40 °C is the most highly recommended for GFB processing. Higher temperatures (60 °C) caused the least change in bread volume; however, a bitter aftertaste from burning was slightly detectable. Freeze‐dried buckwheat sourdoughs can be used directly in processing, thus eliminating the long fermentation of sourdough.     

Influence of phosphorylated rice flour on the quality of gluten‐free bread

The chemical modification of rice flour by phosphorylation is an alternative to improve the technological quality of bakery products. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of phosphorylation process of rice flour on technological properties (specific volume, crumb and crust colour) of gluten‐free breads and the hardening of these breads during two storage temperatures (21 °C and ?24 °C). Breads were made with native rice flour, with phosphorylated rice flour and with wheat flour, used as control. The phosphorylation causes significant reduction in the synaeresis of pastes and in retrogradation tendency of rice flours, varying from 258.7 cP (native rice flour) to 122 cP (phosphorylated rice flour). The breads prepared with phosphorylated rice flour showed reduction in the hardness in both storage temperatures studied and effect on rice bread volume, crumb appearance and colour, demonstrating the possibility of use of the phosphorylated rice flour in gluten‐free breads.     

不同处理条件下高粱米粉对面包品质的影响研究

通过对不同方式加工后的不同品种高粱米粉及普通小麦面团进行流变学特性的比较,以及对面包进行质构、感官、营养分析,表明：品种间（不同处理方式下）糯型高粱粉的形成时间、稳定时间较长,弱化度较低;阻力和延伸度较大;具有更接近小麦粉质特性和拉伸性的参数;粳糯高粱粉次之。处理间,膨化的高粱粉的粉质特性和拉伸性更佳,焙烤其次。添加量在20%~30%不同类型高粱粉的粉质特性和拉伸性优于添加量在40%~50%。添加量超过40%,无论是品种间还是不同处理间的高粱粉性质较为接近。由不同高粱粉制作出的面包,膨化糯型高粱粉制成的面包具有最好的质构性、感官值。     

壳聚糖对米粉条质构特性的影响

实验以米粉条为研究对象,通过改变壳聚糖的添加量,研究壳聚糖对米粉条质构特性的影响.结果 表明,在壳聚糖浓度为5 g/L时,米粉条的硬度、黏性、弹性及咀嚼性显著减小.傅里叶变换红外光谱谱图中没有出现新的吸收峰,说明米粉条中添加壳聚糖没有生成新的官能团,籼米粉末与壳聚糖之间发生的是物理反应,米粉条保持原有的性质.X-射线衍...