Soybean Flour/Oil and Wheat Bran Effects on Characteristics of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Flour Extrudate

Adding soybean flour, soybean oil and wheat bran to cassava flour increased the percentage of crude protein/fat and crude fiber respectively in the blends. Crude protein or extrudate correlated negatively (P<0.01) with expansion, water solubility or total reducing sugars and positively (P<0.01) with bulk density, and water absorption. Crude fiber of extrudate correlated negatively (P<0.01) with expansion, bulk density and total reducing sugars. At 4% soybean oil addition, extrudate expansion and WSI were highest, while bulk density and WAI were lowest. Extrudates became more yellow in color on addition of soybean flour.     

Emulsifying Capacity and Emulsion Stability of Soy Proteins Compared with Corn Germ Protein Flour

Both emulsifying capacity (EC) and emulsion stability (ES) increased with increasing concentrations from 0.4% to 0.8% of soy flour (SF), soy concentrate (SC), soy isolate (SI) and corn germ protein flour (CGPF) when studied by response surface methodology. EC and ES increased as pH increased from 6 to 8 in all samples. Increasing incubation temperatures of protein solutions from 20–70°C or from 4–20°C did not affect EC or ES, respectively. SF had the highest EC, followd by SI, SC, and CGPF.     

顶空固相微萃取-气-质联用技术分析传统甜面酱中挥发性风味成分

采用顶空固相微萃取技术提取3种不同地方传统甜面酱中的香气成分,再经气质联用进行分析鉴定。甜面酱样品的分析结果表明,酯类在其挥发性风味物质中相对含量最高,其中又以十四烷酸乙酯、棕榈酸乙酯、亚油酸乙酯、油酸乙酯为主。同时还含有2-甲基正丁醛、苯乙醇、棕榈酸、肉豆蔻酸、5-（1,5-二甲基-4-已烯基）-2-甲基-1,3-环己二烯、5-甲基-2-苯基-2-己烯醛等醛、醇、酸、烯类物质。     

论小麦水分调节的力学效应与潜伏功能

论述了小麦制粉前水分调节的意义和水分的力学效应。通过对全粒小麦、麦皮、麦胚进行不同水分下的抗力实验,证明润水可以创造皮心分离的条件,但是加水量多少和润麦时间的长短都与水分的力学效应有很大关系,应根据粉路的长短,制定合适的润麦水分和润麦时间。并以某面粉厂为例,详细介绍了制粉各系统出粉量粉质和水分的变化。     

Germination Conditions Affect Physicochemical Properties of Germinated Brown Rice Flour

ABSTRACT:  Germinated brown rice has been reported to be nutritious due to increased free gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The physicochemical properties of brown rice (BR) and glutinous brown rice (GNBR) after germination as affected by different steeping times (24, 36, 48, and 72 h depending on the rice variety) and pHs of steeping water (3, 5, 7, and as-is) were determined and compared to those of the nongerminated one (control). As the steeping time increased or pH of steeping water decreased, germinated brown rice flours (GBRF) from both BR and GNBR had greater reducing sugar, free GABA and α-amylase activity; while the total starch and viscosity were lower than their respective controls. GBRFs from both BR and GNBR prepared after 24-h steeping time at pH 3 contained a high content of free GABA at 32.70 and 30.69 mg/100 g flour, respectively. The peak viscosity of GBRF obtained from both BR and GNBR (7.42 to 228.22 and 4.42 to 58.67 RVU, respectively) was significantly lower than that of their controls (255.46 and 190.17 RVU, respectively). The principal component analysis indicated that the important variables for discriminating among GBRFs, explained by the first 2 components at 89.82% of total explained variance, were the pasting profiles, α-amylase activity, and free GABA.     

几种乳化剂对小麦粉品质特性影响的研究

通过对乳化剂添加前后面团中蛋白质、淀粉性质、质构特性、微观结构等性质的比较,研究了乳化剂对小麦粉品质特性的影响.结果表明:乳化剂使得淀粉溶液碘蓝值、淀粉的溶解度和膨润力、静态提取麦胶蛋白和酸溶性麦谷蛋白含量、面皮的硬度和回复性降低,除单甘酯外,咀嚼性和凝胶性也降低,面筋交联度、弹性和黏着力增加;通过微观结构可以看出,乳化剂可与蛋白质相互结合形成大分子基团,使蛋白质的网络结构变得较为致密,并具有较好的立体感.     

臭氧处理对小麦粉及其面条品质特性影响的研究进展

臭氧处理是一种新型绿色的食品加工技术.综述了臭氧的工业化生产方式,臭氧处理对小麦粉微生物的抑制及真菌毒素的降解作用、对小麦粉粒度分布和微观形态、营养物质及加工特性的影响,以及对臭氧化小麦粉制得的小麦面条的微生物及货架期、理化特性及感官特性的影响,并浅析了相关影响机制,为深入了解臭氧的作用机制及其在小麦粉和面条制品的生产...     

我国大陆地区食品中柄曲霉素和黄曲霉毒素B1的污染调查

为了解我国食品中黄曲霉毒素B1（Aflatoxin B1,AFB1）和柄曲霉素（Sterigmatocystin,STC）污染情况,采集自我国大陆地区1137份的食品样品以及室温储存1-2年的米份样品315份,采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱方法分析其中AFB1和STC的含量。检测结果显示食品中AFB1检出率范围为0%-40%,谷物类和谷物基加工品检出率分别为0.2%和7.8%;坚果检出率为8.7%,其中有两份样品中AFB1含量超标,啤酒中AFB1的检出率为0%。STC检出率为12.9%,平均含量为0.39 μg/kg,谷物类、谷物基加工品、坚果和啤酒中检出率分别为2.6%,28.3%,4.3%和0%。相比于所采集的超市和农贸市场样品,室温储存1-2年的米粉样品中AFB1和STC的阳性率均较高,分别为4.4%和84.8%,平均含量为0.84和2.38 μg/kg。     

响应面法优化板栗面包复合改良剂的研究

利用响应面分析法优化三种面包改良剂在板栗面包中的添加量.以板栗面包评分为评价指标,在考察单因素对板栗面包抗老化效果及面包评分影响的基础上,利用Box-Beheken响应面分析法确定三种改良剂的最佳组合.实验表明:在板栗面包制作过程中按板栗粉及面包粉总质量添加0％α-淀粉酶、1.1％黄原胶、0.3％单甘酯时,板栗面包具有良好的焙烤品质,且在贮存7d后,面包芯硬度比对照组下降46.4％,有效延缓了面包老化,延长了其货架期.     

高效液相色谱法测定调味面制品中 富马酸二甲酯

目的 建立调味面制品中富马酸二甲酯快速、灵敏的高效液相色谱测定方法。方法 色谱柱为ODS-C18 4.6 mm×250 mm,流动相为甲醇 （0.02 mol/L）乙酸铵（55:45）。样品粉碎用氨水甲醇溶液超声提取后调节pH为6,经0.45 μm滤膜过滤,进样测定,保留时间定性,峰面积定量。结果 标准曲线线性良好,方法线性范围0.25~10 mg/L,线性相关系数为0.9995,检出限为0.03 mg/kg,定量限为0.1 mg/kg,加标回收率在94.0%~102.5%范围内,相对标准偏差在3.6%~5.2%之间。结论 该方法操作简便、具有灵敏高、准确性好、无杂质干扰等优点,可用于调味面制品中富马酸二甲酯的测定。