Composite wheat–germinated brown rice flours: selected physicochemical properties and bread application

Selected physicochemical properties of composite [wheat/germinated brown rice (GBRF)/germinated glutinous brown rice (GGNBRF)] flours at 100:0:0 (control), 70:30:0, 60:30:10, 60:40:0 and 50:40:10 (%) were evaluated. Germination (steeping at pH 3 for 24 h at 35 °C) increased free gamma‐aminobutyric acid from 2.11 to 32.7 and 2.41 to 30.69 mg per 100 g flour for GBRF and GGNBRF, respectively. The 60:30:10 and 50:40:10 composite flours exhibited the lower peak viscosity (70.42 and 68.54 RVU, respectively). The setback viscosity of composite flours containing GGNBR was significantly lower than other flours. The presence of GBRF and GGNBRF significantly lowered specific volume and expansion ratio of breads. However, all sensory liking scores, except for appearance, were not significantly different among composite flour breads. Overall liking scores of all breads ranged from 6.8 to 7.2 (like moderately). This study demonstrated feasibility of incorporating GBRF and GGNBRF up to 50% by weight in bread formulations without compromising sensory liking.     

面粉企业生产管理浅识

结合生产实践,从人员、生产技术、安全文明生产三个方面阐述了制粉企业生产管理的主要措施,对面粉加工厂实现高产、高效有着积极的指导意义。     

碘化钾-吖啶红体系光度法测定小麦面粉中的过氧化苯甲酰

采用碘化钾-吖啶红分光光度法对小麦面粉中过氧化苯甲酰含量进行了测定。在硫酸介质中,有聚乙烯醇存在的情况下,过氧化苯甲酰氧化I-生成I3-,I3-与吖啶红发生离子缔合反应,导致KI-吖啶红-聚乙烯醇溶液体系的吸光度下降,在525 nm波长下,过氧化苯甲酰在0.04～6.0 mg/L内与吸光度的改变量呈线性关系,据此建立了测定小麦面粉中过氧化苯甲酰的碘化钾-吖啶红分光光度法,该法用于小麦面粉中过氧化苯甲酰的测定,平均回收率为98.2%与101.6%。     

响应面法优化玉米醇溶蛋白提取工艺

采用乙醇为提取剂,以玉米粉为原料提取玉米醇溶蛋白。探讨了液料比、浸提时间、乙醇体积分数、浸提温度对玉米醇溶蛋白提取率的影响。在单因素试验结果的基础上,确定各因素的分析水平,利用响应面中心组合法设计试验方案。以提取率为响应值,建立数学模型并得到玉米醇溶蛋白提取工艺优化组合为浸提温度55℃、浸提时间2.5h、液料比9:1(mL/g)、乙醇体积分数80%,并分析了双因素间的交互效应。     

β-淀粉酶抑制面制品回生工艺优化的研究

以小麦粉为原料,通过β -淀粉酶对面制品进行抗回生处理,研究了加酶量、酶作用时间、酶作用温度对β -淀粉酶抑制面制品回生效果的影响,并在单因素试验基础上,采用响应面分析法对β -淀粉酶抑制面制品回生工艺进行优化,结果表明,β -淀粉酶抑制面制品回生工艺的最佳条件为:酶浓度为45.8 U,酶作用温度为57℃,酶作用时间32.2 min.在此工艺条件下制得的面制品,经4℃下冷藏48 h后测得的硬度为(3299.86±8.32)g,而未经β-淀粉酶抗回生处理的面制品,经4℃下冷藏48 h后测得的硬度为(12950±7.22)g.面制品硬度降低了74.52％.     

系统粉粒度分布与品质特性相关性研究

选用面粉生产工艺中的41个系统粉,运用DPS软件分析了其粒度分布与品质特性的相关性,提出了用系统粉的粒度分布参数预测理化指标的方法。实验结果表明:至少有1个粒度分布参数(D10、D50、D90或Dav)与面粉品质特性中的蛋白含量、湿面筋含量和面筋指数等13项指标呈极显著相关,因此该方法具有可行性。     

不同杀菌条件对扇贝面酱中游离氨基酸的影响

为了降低杀菌工艺对扇贝面酱营养品质的破坏程度,研究不同杀菌温度和杀菌时间对扇贝面酱中游离氨基酸的影响,以扇贝面酱为实验材料,采用柱前衍生-高效液相色谱法,测定不同杀菌温度和杀菌时间对扇贝面酱中游离氨基酸含量的影响,结合大肠菌群和致病菌的检测,确定扇贝面酱较适宜的杀菌条件。实验结果表明,杀菌温度、杀菌时间和杀菌温度×杀菌时间的交互作用对游离氨基酸含量的影响均达到显著水平(p<0.05)。较优的杀菌条件为80℃处理10min,在此条件下,扇贝面酱中可检测到18种游离氨基酸,与未杀菌的扇贝面酱相比,游离氨基酸总含量和必需氨基酸总含量均增多,产品微生物指标达到相关产品的国家标准。     

Comparison of free amino acids and 5′-nucleotides between Tuber fermentation mycelia and natural fruiting bodies

The profiles of free amino acids and 5′-nucleotides were first compared between Tuber fermentation mycelia and natural fruiting bodies. A total of 20 free amino acids and five 5′-nucleotides were identified in the Tuber fermentation mycelia and natural fruiting bodies. Not only the total contents of the free amino acids and 5′-nucleotides, but also the contents of umami amino acids and flavour 5′-nucleotides in the fermentation mycelia were higher than those in the fruiting bodies. By the addition of soybean flour in the fermentation media, the flavour 5′-nucleotides content in the fermentation mycelia was significantly increased, and the equivalent umami concentration of the fermentation mycelia (i.e., 608.07 g/100 g) was approximately 38.1-93.4 times higher than those of the fruiting bodies. From the viewpoint of umami taste, this work confirms the potentiality of Tuber fermentation mycelia as the alternative resource for its fruiting bodies.     

芭蕉芋淀粉对米粉理化性质及粉丝品质的影响

将芭蕉芋淀粉和籼米粉按照一定比例复配并制作粉丝,以复配粉的溶胀性质、热特性、糊化特性、流变学特性为理化性质测定指标,以粉丝的质构特性、蒸煮性质、感官品质为其质量评价指标,考察了芭蕉芋淀粉对米粉理化性质和粉丝品质的影响。结果表明：随着芭蕉芋淀粉添加量的增加,复配粉的直链淀粉含量、膨润力、峰值黏度、最低黏度、降落值、糊化焓、回生焓、回生度、弹性模量、黏性模量增加,而溶解度、最终黏度、回升值、糊化温度逐渐降低;米粉丝的硬度、弹性、黏附性、咀嚼性随芭蕉芋淀粉添加量的增加而增大。与纯籼米粉粉丝相比,复配粉米粉丝的筋道感和柔韧度增强,其光滑度却下降。综合考虑,添加2%～5%芭蕉芋淀粉的米粉丝品质最佳,具有很好的可接受性。     

鲜平菇处理方法对面包品质的影响

研究鲜平菇处理方法对面包感官品质、物性、抗老化性及面团粉质特性的影响,并对添加平菇前后的面包主要营养成分进行对比。结果表明,添加匀浆、糖渍和高压蒸煮3 种方法处理的平菇对面包的感官品质、物性及抗老化性均有改善作用,添加9%高压蒸煮处理的平菇面包感官性状、面团粉质特性及物性最佳,并且添加平菇面包抗老化性能明显优于对照样品。