激光预处理种子提高大豆幼苗抗冷害的机理探讨

从能量转移、膜系统和自由基3个方面探讨了激光预处理大豆种子提高其幼苗抗寒性的机理.研究结果表明,激光(He-Ne)预处理大豆种子不但明显地提高大豆种子三磷酸腺苷(ATP)的含量,而且提高其幼苗(子叶期到第一真叶期)的抗低温胁迫的能力.处理组幼苗在3℃～5℃低温胁迫下比对照组有较高的过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和淀粉酶(AML)的活性及可溶性蛋白质含量.同时预处理还降低了幼苗子叶中超氧阴离子(O2-)含量、丙二醛(MDA)的积累量及电解质外渗率.     

Scheduling sensor activity for information coverage of discrete targets in sensor networks

In this paper, we study the problem of scheduling sensor activity to cover a set of targets with known locations such that all targets can be monitored all the time and the network can operate as long as possible. A solution to this scheduling problem is to partition all sensors into some sensor covers such that each cover can monitor all targets and the covers are activated sequentially. In this paper, we propose to provide information coverage instead of the conventional sensing disk coverage for target. The notion of information coverage is based on estimation theory to exploit the collaborative nature of geographically distributed sensors. Due to the use of information coverage, a target that is not within the sensing disk of any single sensor can still be considered to be monitored (information covered) by the cooperation of more than one sensor. This change of the problem settings complicates the solutions compared to that by using a disk coverage model. We first define the target information coverage (TIC) problem and prove its NP‐completeness. We then propose a heuristic to approximately solve our problem. Simulation results show that our heuristic is better than an existing algorithm and is close to the upper bound when only the sensing disk coverage model is used. Furthermore, simulation results also show that the network lifetime can be significantly improved by using the notion of information coverage compared with that by using the conventional definition of sensing disk coverage. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

磁扰和磁静期间南极McMurdo地区电离层闪烁统计特征的对比分析

利用南极McMurdo站（地理经纬度（166.73°E,77.88°S）,地磁纬度80°S）2011-2014年电离层闪烁观测数据,对比分析了磁扰和磁静期间电离层闪烁发生率的周日分布、季节分布,以及随太阳活动变化的统计特征.结果表明:磁扰和磁静期间电离层闪烁的周日分布均在磁中午附近和磁子夜后出现峰值,而磁扰期的闪烁发生率显著高于磁静期,并且闪烁发生范围向低纬和高纬方向扩展;春秋季电离层闪烁发生率明显高于夏冬季,每年的2、3月份和9、10月份高发,冬季6月份发生率最低;磁扰期的季节性特征比磁静期更为明显,且闪烁发生范围、发生频率均明显大于磁静期;太阳活动对电离层闪烁的影响十分显著,随着太阳活动的增强,闪烁发生的范围和发生频率均明显增大.该研究结果有助于了解极区电离层闪烁的整体分布情况,将为极区电离层闪烁建模以及闪烁预报提供支持,对极区通信、导航定位等有着重要的应用价值.     

Antibacterial activity of cranberry juice concentrate on freshness and sensory quality of ready to eat (RTE) foods

Ready-to-eat (RTE) foods are not further treated before consumption in such a way that may significantly reduce the microbial load, therefore the risk of foodborne disease must be considered. In this regard, the use of natural antimicrobial compounds is an interesting method to be considered. On this topic, the antibacterial activity of cranberry juice concentrate (CJC) have been evaluated in vitro and in situ against 3 foodborne pathogenic bacteria. Results showed a high antimicrobial effect with a noticeable inhibition capacity against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium. Acid sensitivity studies of bacteria indicated that at the same pH level (pH = 2.4) in presence of organic acid solution (citric and quinic acids), cranberry juice concentrate showed greater antibacterial effects than the acids due to their phenolic compounds. In situ studies showed 2.5, 1.8 and 5 log reduction of E. coli, L. monocytogenes and S. typhimurium, respectively in presence of cranberry juice concentrate, on pre-cut red peppers after 7 days of storage at 4 °C. A total inhibition of L. monocytogenes on fresh cranberry fruits in primary day of storage, was observed. Cranberries treated with CJC also showed a 3 log reduction of S. typhimurium after 4 days of storage at 4 °C. The results suggest that CJC can be an effective preservation, source of natural antibacterial, to protect the RTE foods from foodborne pathogens contamination without effecting on sensorial properties of treated samples and allow to maintain the freshness, sensory and the nutritional quality of RTE foods.     

Survival and inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus in commercial and hydrated tahini using acetic and citric acids

Tahini (sesame paste) is a low-moisture ready-to-eat food that has been linked to foodborne outbreaks and recalls. The objectives of this study were to investigate the behavior of Staphylococcus aureus in commercial and hydrated tahini at 10, 21 and 37 °C and to inhibit S. aureus in these products by 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5% acetic or citric acid. S. aureus was able to survive in commercial tahini with reductions of 3.3, 1.6 and 0.7 log₁₀ CFU/g at 37, 21 and 10 °C, respectively; while it grew in hydrated tahini with an increase of 3.9, 3.0 and 1.8 log₁₀ CFU/ml at 37, 21 and 10 °C, respectively, by 28d. Citric or acetic acid at ≤ 0.5% reduced S. aureus in commercial tahini by ≤ 2.3 log₁₀ CFU/ml by 28d compared to control at all of the tested temperatures. However, acetic and citric acid were more inhibitory at 37 and 10 °C, respectively. In hydrated tahini, viable S. aureus cells were not detected in the presence of 0.5 or 0.3% acetic acid after 7 and 14d, respectively, at both 21 and 37 °C; and after 14 and 28d, respectively at 10 °C. Acetic acid at 0.1% also reduced S. aureus numbers to undetectable levels after 14 and 28d at 21 and 37 °C, respectively. S. aureus cells were also not detected in the presence of 0.5% citric acid by 21d at all of the tested temperatures, or 0.1 and 0.3% citric acid by 28 and 21d, respectively at 21 °C. Acetic and citric acids could be used in tahini or tahini-based products to reduce the potential risk associated with S. aureus.     

Antimicrobial effects of cinnamon bark oil on microbial composition and quality of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) fillets during chilled storage

In this study, 11 essential oils were initially screened for antimicrobial activity against Aeromonas veronii, Acinetobacter johnsonii, Shewanella putrefaciens, and Pseudomonas jessenii. Cinnamon bark oil exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity and was used as a natural preservative in grass carp fillets stored at 4 ± 1 °C. Sensory assessment, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), color, biogenic amines, adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-related compounds, K-value, and presence of microbiota were analyzed during storage. Cinnamon bark oil treatment was found to be effective in enhancing organoleptic quality, inhibiting microbial growth, and delaying the increase of TVB-N, putrescine, cadaverine and K-value. Based on sensory analysis, shelf-life of grass carp fillets was 8 days for the control and 12 days for the treatment group. According to high-throughput sequencing, Aeromonas and Pseudomonas were the predominant microbiota in fresh grass carp. As storage time progressed, the microbial composition of both control and treatment samples became less diverse. Pseudomonas followed by Aeromonas were dominant in spoiled control samples. However, there were significant differences in microbial composition between control and treatment samples at the end of storage. Cinnamon bark oil treatment inhibited the growth of Aeromonas and Shewanella, and Pseudomonas was the only predominant microbiota found in spoiled treatment samples.     

金银花及其制剂含药血清中绿原酸HPLC紫外光谱测定和抑菌活性研究

目的:考察金银花及其复方制剂的含药血清抑菌效果.方法:采用最低抑菌浓度(MIC)测定方法和抑菌活性试验方法.结果:金银花含药血清和银黄口服液含药血清对大肠杆菌的MIC都为1μg/mL;对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC分别为0.5μg/mL和0.25μg/mL,含药血清抑菌活性为高敏.结论:金银花及其复方制剂的含药血清具有较强的抑菌作用.     

Generation of Primary Input Blocking Pattern for Power Minimization during Scan Testing

In this paper we propose a new approach to generate a primary input blocking pattern for applying to the primary inputs during shift cycle such that the switching activity occurred in the combinational part of the circuit under test can be suppressed as much as possible. The primary input blocking technique suppresses transitions of gates in the combinational part during scan by assigning controlling values to one of the gates' inputs. However, simultaneously assigning controlling values to the gates may result in conflicts in the setting of binary values on the primary inputs. Instead of the heuristics based on fanout in other approaches, we use the impact function which is based on transition density to determine the priorities of the gates to be blocked. Experiments performed on the ISCAS 89 benchmark circuits show that the proposed approach can always produce better results than the existing approaches.

大功率CO_2激光器非平衡态合成WO_3／Fe_2O_3新型陶瓷催化剂──Ⅱ．WO_3／Fe_2O_3烯烃歧化反应催化剂的催化活性

用大功率ＣＯ２激光器熔制ＷＯ３／Ｆｅ２Ｏ３新型烯烃歧化反应催化剂。考查了催化剂组成、激光功率及熔炼时间与丙烯歧化反应催化活性之间的关系。     

任意浓度下活度系数的计算

根据实验所测有关电解质溶液的活度系数,确定其数学模型为γ=e~(a bm cm~2 d/m)。利用最小二乘法建立了1∶1型电解质活度系数与浓度之间的函数关系式,从而通过此关系式可对任意浓度下1∶1型电解质的活度系数进行预测,其相对误差不超过2.6％。