Volatile components of white Hypsizygus marmoreus detected by electronic nose and HS-SPME-GC-MS: Influence of four drying methods

Four drying methods, viz hot air drying (HD), vacuum drying (VD), microwave-vacuum drying (MVD), and vacuum freeze-drying (FD), were used to dry white Hypsizygus marmoreus (WHM). The volatile and taste components of the dried WHM were comparatively analysed by electronic nose technology (E-nose) and head-space solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GS-MS). Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that E-nose could distinguish fresh WHM and four dried products clearly. Dominant volatile components in fresh WHM were found to be 1-octen-3-ol, 3-octanone, and (E)-2-nonenal. However, it was found that the drying methods caused damage to the 8-carbon compounds (C8), especially to 8-carbon alcohol greatly. For instance, HD produced more ester materials, MVD yielded more aldehyde compounds, FD brought more hydrocarbon products, and VD produced more ketone substances.     

两种真菌多糖益生菌酸奶协同抗皮肤衰老的研究

对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠分别灌胃添加茶新菇多糖或真姬菇多糖的益生菌酸奶,研究两种真菌多糖酸奶对小鼠抗皮肤衰老作用的协同效果。结果显示,皮肤组织经HE染色观察,衰老组小鼠皮肤发生病变,而高剂量组小鼠皮肤修复效果最佳。两种真菌多糖益生菌酸奶均可显著提高小鼠皮肤中SOD活性及含水量,降低MDA含量,提高皮肤和尾腱中HYP含量(p0.05),且与多糖添加量呈剂量增强效应。与衰老组相比,茶新菇多糖酸奶和真姬菇多糖酸奶高剂量组小鼠皮肤中SOD活力提高了66.31%、14.54%,含水率提高16.49%、8.93%,皮肤和尾腱中羟脯氨酸含量分别提高48.27%、65.59%和73.98%、61.63%,MDA含量降低38.96%、45.64%,皮肤抗衰老指标极显著改善(p0.01)。结论:两种真菌多糖均可与益生菌酸奶在皮肤抗衰老方面发挥显著协同作用,有效修复皮肤损伤。     

冰温贮藏过程中蟹味菇几种营养成分变化的动力学特征

为研究冰温贮藏减缓蟹味菇营养成分降解的机理,以采后蟹味菇为试材,基于反应动力学理论研究了25℃、15℃、4℃及-0.5℃4个贮藏条件下蟹味菇抗坏血酸、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质等3种营养成分的降解表观动力学及热力学特征。结果表明,蟹味菇抗坏血酸、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质的降解均符合一级动力学反应模型,降解活化能分别为81.51 kJ/mol、83.88 kJ/mol、100.52kJ/mol;冰温贮藏条件下3种营养成分的降解半衰期、分子有效碰撞百分比、降解活化焓、降解活化自由能均高于其他温度处理组;降解过渡态平衡常数K≠均小于其他温度处理组。此外,可溶性蛋白质的降解活化熵及位阻因素为4℃贮藏时最大,而抗坏血酸及可溶性糖的降解活化熵和位阻因素则为冰温贮藏时最大。故,冰温贮藏改变了蟹味菇营养成分降解的动力学及热力学特性,从而表现为其减缓了蟹味菇营养成分的降解。     

Absorption of Calcium and Magnesium by the Fruiting Body of the Cultivated Mushroom Hypsizigus marmoreus (Peck) Bigelow from Sawdust Culture Media

ABSTRACT: Hypsizigus marmoreus was cultivated in potato‐sucrose‐agar (PSA) and in sawdust media supplemented with Ca or Mg salts. The radial growth of mycelia was determined. The mushroom spawn did not grow on PSA supplemented with Ca carbonate, Mg carbonate, or Mg hydroxide. However, the mycelia grew well on sawdust media supplemented with Ca phosphate, Ca carbonate, or Mg sulfate. Ca of the fruiting body was increased 4.0 to 5.6 times by 1% to 5% of Ca phosphate or Ca carbonate. Mg was increased 1.4 times by 0.5% of Mg sulfate or Mg chloride.     

真姬菇JB06发酵海带废渣所得产物的抗自由基和总抗氧化能力

为了探索海带废渣高附加值利用的方法,用真姬菇JB06菌株液态发酵海带废渣,乙醇沉淀法制备发酵液上清液中多糖,用试剂盒测定了所得多糖的抗自由基和总抗氧化能力。结果表明:在多糖质量浓度为0.5mg/mL时,真姬菇JB06菌株发酵上清液中的多糖(简称JB06菌株多糖)对羟自由基的抑制率比海带废渣水溶液上清中的多糖(简称对照多糖)高了11.34%;多糖质量浓度为8mg/mL时,JB06菌株多糖对超氧阴离子自由基的抑制率比对照多糖高了9.52%;JB06菌株多糖的总抗氧化能力比对照多糖高出了13.20%。通过实验可以得出:真姬菇发酵海带废渣后获得的多糖的总抗氧化能力比对照多糖总抗氧化能力显著提高。     

白玉菇中短波红外干燥特性及动力学模型

为提高白玉菇的货架期,采用中短波红外线对白玉菇进行干燥,考察了干燥温度(60、70、80、90℃)和干燥功率(675、900、1125、1350 W)对白玉菇干燥特性的影响,并通过7种常用的农产品干燥模型对干燥过程进行了拟合,建立了白玉菇中短波红外干燥的动力学模型.研究结果表明:干燥温度和干燥功率对白玉菇的干燥过程均有...