Building-related symptoms and inflammatory potency of dust from office buildings

The aim was to investigate the association between building-related symptoms (BRS) in office buildings and the inflammatory potency of dust (PD). Furthermore, the association between dust potency and various building characteristics was investigated. Occupants of 22 office buildings received a retrospective questionnaire about BRS (2301 respondents). Dust was collected from groups of offices and building characteristics were recorded. The potency of a dust sample to induce interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretion from the lung epithelial cell line A549 was measured as the slope of the initial linear part of the concentration-response curve. Symptoms of the central nervous system (CNS) were associated with the potency of surface dust (OR = 1.4). This association may be due to an association between an index of CNS symptoms and dust potency in offices of 1-6 occupants (OR = 1.5). No single symptoms correlated with the potency of surface dust. The PD was not related to single building factors. The inflammatory PD may be used as an integrated proxy measure of biologically active compounds in dust, reflecting health relevant properties of the dust. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The potency of surface dust may be used as a crude measurement of the chemical and biological exposures present in the building, and being associated with the development of central nervous system symptoms. However, additional research is needed to establish the predictive value of the potency of surface dust.     

河湟土族新型庄廓低技建构模式研究

针对河湟土族民居当前紧迫的发展问题,从土族庄廓功能-空间、材料-构造的现代转型过程中,寻找形式变与不变的合理轨迹,研究尚有活力的传统形式的现代化模式,探索广泛适用的现代形式的土族化模式,创作既具有现代建筑气息,又继承传统建筑文化的土族新型庄廓。     

往事追忆

梁思成先生学问文章汪洋似海，对人谦抑，诲人不倦。今当梁公八十五岁诞辰之日，回忆半个世纪以前得识梁公，日常受教之景，其音容宛在于怀，略志片断旧事，以为纪念。     

缅怀梁思成教授的业绩

今年是清华大学建筑系奠基人梁思成教授诞辰八十五周年。回忆梁公，如在目前。追记三则关于他的大事，以深志怀念。     

Source identification of nitrous oxide on autotrophic partial nitrification in a granular sludge reactor

Emission of nitrous oxide (N₂O) during biological wastewater treatment is of growing concern since N₂O is a major stratospheric ozone-depleting substance and an important greenhouse gas. The emission of N₂O from a lab-scale granular sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for partial nitrification (PN) treating synthetic wastewater without organic carbon was therefore determined in this study, because PN process is known to produce more N₂O than conventional nitrification processes. The average N₂O emission rate from the SBR was 0.32 ± 0.17 mg-N L⁻¹ h⁻¹, corresponding to the average emission of N₂O of 0.8 ± 0.4% of the incoming nitrogen load (1.5 ± 0.8% of the converted NH₄⁺). Analysis of dynamic concentration profiles during one cycle of the SBR operation demonstrated that N₂O concentration in off-gas was the highest just after starting aeration whereas N₂O concentration in effluent was gradually increased in the initial 40 min of the aeration period and was decreased thereafter. Isotopomer analysis was conducted to identify the main N₂O production pathway in the reactor during one cycle. The hydroxylamine (NH₂OH) oxidation pathway accounted for 65% of the total N₂O production in the initial phase during one cycle, whereas contribution of the NO₂⁻ reduction pathway to N₂O production was comparable with that of the NH₂OH oxidation pathway in the latter phase. In addition, spatial distributions of bacteria and their activities in single microbial granules taken from the reactor were determined with microsensors and by in situ hybridization. Partial nitrification occurred mainly in the oxic surface layer of the granules and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria were abundant in this layer. N₂O production was also found mainly in the oxic surface layer. Based on these results, although N₂O was produced mainly via NH₂OH oxidation pathway in the autotrophic partial nitrification reactor, N₂O production mechanisms were complex and could involve multiple N₂O production pathways.     

空间构形的内在可读性与寻路设计

本文旨在探讨空间构形的内在可读性与在寻路之间的关系。在对常州某区域进行虚拟寻路实验后发现．空间构形的内在可读性在很大程度上影响主体在寻路过程中的表现。笔者相信研究结果对城市设计特别是寻路设计将会有很大帮助。     

冻结法盾构进出洞施工技术

冻结法近年来在轨道交通联络通道施工、进出洞地基加固中得到了广泛的应用。在上海世博工程．北京西路～华夏西路电力电缆隧道工程施工中,首次采用了冻结法施工技术。本文研究了冻结加固施工设计及冻结施工技术的要求,据此解决了该工程5^#工作井盾构进出洞加固和10^#工作井至龙阳路8^#井联络通道的施工难题,保证了工程安全如期进行。     

冀南山区传统村落景观中的生态智慧研究——以井陉县于家村为例

传统村落有着丰富的自然及历史人文景观,其中蕴藏的生态智慧正是传统村落价值的体现,是村落文化价值认同的根基,也是传统村落保护与传承下去的内在驱动力。以河北省井陉于家石头村为例,分析研究冀南山区传统村落的生态智慧及其价值意义。     

黄田村古建筑群保护利用导则浅析

村落中民居类型文物建筑保护与利用的状况复杂,缓解文物保护与居住使用之间的矛盾,居住者自觉意识的提高等,均需要有大量深入的工作。本文以黄田村古建筑群做为研究对象,基于古民居建筑的历史特色与保护困境,探究民居类文物建筑保护利用导则的方法与思路。     

江南传统水乡村落更新改造的设计手法初探--以文昌村村庄整治规划设计为例

城市化发展及新农村建设对江南传统水乡村落的更新改造产生了严重的冲击,越来越多富有特色的村落在现代化发展中失去它们的历史底蕴与建筑地域文化。本文以文昌村村庄整治规划设计为例,在对该村落历史文化深度挖掘的基础上,利用高铁站“三个圈层”理论确定其功能结构规划及土地利用规划;从自然格局、空间形态、建筑特色等方面探讨保护并重塑村落特色空间的设计手法,为村落改造项目如何合理处理发展与保护的关系提供借鉴。