医院空调净化的新趋向--日本"医院空调规范"2004修订版给予的新意

主要介绍日本“医院空调设备的设计管理指南”,2004年的新版本的修订背景、修订特征,医院感染的防止措施,以及室内环境与洁净度分区的修订内容等。建议以科学态度结合国内情况,学习国外新经验。     

Eggcrate UV: a whole ceiling upper‐room ultraviolet germicidal irradiation system for air disinfection in occupied rooms

A novel whole ceiling upper‐room ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) system [eggcrate ultraviolet (UV)] has been developed that incorporates open‐cell ‘eggcrate’‐suspended ceiling panels and bare UV lamps with a ceiling fan. Upper‐room UVGI is more effective for air disinfection than mechanical ventilation at much lower installation and operating costs. Conventional upper‐room UVGI fixtures employ multiple tightly spaced horizontal louvers to confine UV to the upper‐room. These louvered fixtures protect occupants in the lower‐room from UV‐induced eye and skin irritation, but at a major cost to fixture efficiency. Using a lamp and ballast from a conventional upper‐room UVGI fixture in the eggcrate UV system, the germicidal efficacy was markedly improved even though the UV radiation emitted by the lamp was unchanged. This fundamental change in the application of upper‐room UVGI air disinfection should permit wider, more effective application of UVGI globally to reduce the spread of airborne infection.     

Performance evaluation of a novel personalized ventilation–personalized exhaust system for airborne infection control

In the context of airborne infection control, it is critical that the ventilation system is able to extract the contaminated exhaled air within the shortest possible time. To minimize the spread of contaminated air exhaled by occupants efficiently, a novel personalized ventilation (PV)–personalized exhaust (PE) system has been developed, which aims to exhaust the exhaled air as much as possible from around the infected person (IP). The PV–PE system was studied experimentally for a particular healthcare setting based on a typical consultation room geometry and four different medical consultation positions of an IP and a healthy person (HP). Experiments using two types of tracer gases were conducted to evaluate two types of PE: Top‐PE and Shoulder‐PE under two different background ventilation systems: Mixing Ventilation and Displacement Ventilation. Personalized exposure effectiveness, intake fraction (iF) and exposure reduction (ε) were used as indices to evaluate the PV–PE system. The results show that the combined PV‐PE system for the HP achieves the lowest intake fraction; and the use of PE system for the IP alone shows much better performance than using PV system for the HP alone.     

An overview of recent applications of Game Theory to bioinformatics

The goal of this work is to provide a comprehensive review of different Game Theory applications that have been recently used to predict the behavior of non-rational agents in interaction situations arising from computational biology.In the first part of the paper, we focus on evolutionary games and their application to modelling the evolution of virulence. Here, the notion of Evolutionary Stable Strategy (ESS) plays an important role in modelling mutation mechanisms, whereas selection mechanisms are explained by means of the concept of replicator dynamics.In the second part, we describe a couple of applications concerning cooperative games in coalitional form, namely microarray games and Multi-perturbation Shapley value Analysis (MSA), for the analysis of genetic data. In both of the approaches, the Shapley value is used to assess the power of genes in complex regulatory pathways.     

Lpconvergence of a process identification algorithm

In this paper, we study the phenomena of the epidemic spreading process in small-world networks, where recovery responses are practically delayed. We propose and investigate three novel linear delayed SIR models for different cases of recovery response. Because the recovery strategies respond with some time-delays as happens in practice, it is found that the unsuitable recovery strength may not suppress the prevalent epidemics and even lead to oscillations. Therefore, it is strongly suggested that the administrative authorities should apply control strategies of recovery as soon as possible on the small prevalent viruses before they spread into a disaster of infections.     

A model for diagnosis of pulmonary infections in solid-organ transplant recipients

Background

Opportunistic pulmonary infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality among solid organ transplant recipients. The diagnosis of these infections is challenging because of the broad spectrum of bacteria, fungi and viruses affecting these patients and the lack of specific signs and symptoms. Treatment directed at the offending organism started as soon as possible improves survival.

Objective

To develop a decision support system for the diagnosis of pulmonary infections in solid-organ transplant recipients. The model's goal is to improve the accuracy of the diagnosis and thus the appropriateness of empirical treatment.

Design

The model is built using a Bayesian network (also known as causal probabilistic network). The network is based on pathogen segments which are the main building blocks of the model. Segments share common risk factors, such as time after transplantation, latent infections of donor/recipient and organ transplanted. The segments are linked at symptoms, signs and diagnostic tests common to all pathogens. The outputs of the model are predicted probabilities of infectious pathogens. To populate the model with data we have mainly abstracted data from the literature, using a systematic approach. The structure of the model and its adaptation for decision support will be presented.

Evaluation

The first evaluation phase assessed the model's diagnosis in a series of 20 representative cases of opportunistic infections. A match between the case's diagnosis and the model's prediction was achieved in 17/20 of cases. The next evaluation phase will consist of a prospective observational study comparing the accuracy of the model's diagnosis vs. that of the physician within 24 h of episode onset, as compared with a gold-standard diagnosis ascribed to the patients at the end of the infectious episode by two independent experts. Data for this phase are currently collected prospectively.     

传染病传染速度在大区域内的关联建模仿真

研究传染病的扩散速度对病情的控制问题.传染病在扩散过程中,受到不同区域中人群组成、环境特征不同的影响,存在高度的非线性与随机性.传统的扩散模型通过高维度约束,扩散随机性较强,设定过多前提条件,导致模型复杂,效果不好.提出基于加权时态关联挖掘算法的传染病传染速度在大区域内的关联建模方法.提取传染病传染速度影响因素,根据上述影响因素,建立加权时态关联模型,计算不同影响因素的支持度,并建立候选项集树,实现传染速度估计.实验结果表明,利用改进算法进行传染病传染速度在大区域内关联建模,能够提高传染病传染速度仿真的真实度,得到精确的估计结果,满足传染病预防和控制的临床需求.     

浅议传统潮绣纹饰图案的现代应用

文章以现代潮绣图案的风格特点为出发点,探讨潮绣图案构成在现今商业中的应用研究。通过在婚纱等服装中的视觉表现规律,使人们对潮绣在当今社会中的保护与研究得到更深层的理解。     

电力系统谐波对电能计量的影响

高压大功率电力电子电源容量的不断提高,给电力系统的电量计量带来了诸多问题.在分析电能表计量原理的基础上,对比分析了在谐波情况下电子式与电磁感应式电能表的计量差异,提出基于电力谐波的合理电能计量方法,并进行模拟验证.