Effect of oil degradation during frying on the color of fried, battered squid rings

Oil degradation caused by the number of fryings performed and the effect of oil degradation on the color of fried battered squid rings were studied. Spectrophotometric techniques with absorbance in the UV and visible ranges, and iodine, peroxide, and acid values were used to determine oil degradation. Determination of various CIELAB parameters in order to study the external color of the fried battered squid rings revealed no differences in color due to the number of fryings. A study of the color of the battered squid rings at various frying times and temperatures showed significant differences for both variables. Although there was some degradation in the oil after 20 fryings, appearing as a slight darkening, it did not affect the final color of the fried, battered squid rings.     

鱿鱼肌肉蛋白肽的制备工艺优化及其抗氧化活性

以鱿鱼肌肉为原料,先考察了酶解时间、温度和加酶量对鱿鱼蛋白肽清除羟自由基的影响,再采用BoxBehnken实验设计和响应面分析对鱿鱼肌肉酶解工艺条件进行优化。同时采用清除自由基和小鼠体内抗氧化活性对抗氧化肽的抗氧化活性进行了研究。结果表明:酶解时间、加酶量对羟自由基清除率影响最为显著（p<0.01）,最佳工艺条件为:酶解时间6 h,加酶量0.07 g/10 g,酶解温度55℃。在该条件下,羟自由基清除率的验证值为90.31%±0.54%。鱿鱼抗氧化肽对DPPH·、OH·和O-2·的EC50分别为8.8、16.5和10.3 mg/m L。鱿鱼抗氧化肽高低剂量组的小鼠体内SOD活性分别比空白组高19.2%和14.2%。抗氧化肽高低剂量组小鼠体内的GSH比空白组提高了23.4%和14%。鱿鱼抗氧化肽具有较强的抗氧化活性。      

Theoretical and Experimental Study of Water Transport in a Hollow Cylinder Applied to the Drying of Round Squid Mantle

ABSTRACT

Until now, attention has been focused solely in the drying of squid mantle from an experimental point of view, neglecting the transport phenomenon studies of water in squid muscle. This work studies the drying of squid mantle (Loligo brasiliensis), previously salted and smoked by liquid smoking (hickory extract), using a tubular dryer in closed cycle with a silicagel fixed bed in series. The mass transfer phenomenon during drying was studied, based on the Fick's second law, with the effective diffusivity supposed constant, which enabled an analytical solution to the problem. The drying curve calculated with the resulting equation was compared with experimental data. The model was applied to a hollow cylinder geometry (round squid mantle), with its internal surface isolated from the drying environment by a plastic film. The latter was given a tubular form and introduced inside the mantle cavity (impervious wall boundary condition).     

Improved Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation Stability of the Polypropylene (PP) Films of Woven Jumbo Bags for Outdoor Applications

Several formulations were developed with polypropylene (PP) in combination with antioxidants, calcium stearate, hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) and ultraviolet light absorber (UVA) for making woven jumbo bags, which will be capable of carrying a load of two tons of materials in outdoor conditions. Thin films of these formulations were extruded followed by stretching to improve mechanical properties. Both stretched and un-stretched PP films were subjected to severe accelerated weathering by ultraviolet (UV) radiation for various periods and it was observed that un-stretched films reached 50% retention of tensile strength (TS) within 500 hours of exposure, while stretched films (tapes) did not reach 50% TS retention even after 10,500 hours of the exposure indicating an improved UV stability of the stretched films of PP.     

从鱿鱼软骨提取β-甲壳质及其结构表征与应用性能

采用海洋生物鱿鱼的软骨作为原料 ,通过简单的工艺 ,提取得到 β 甲壳质 ,并用波谱等表征技术确定了 β 甲壳质的结构。实验表明 β 甲壳质在 2 0 0℃以下是稳定的 ;80 0℃灼烧残渣质量分数可达 0 0 4% ;作为吸潮剂其某些性能优于硅胶     

石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定鱿鱼中硒含量

采用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定了鱿鱼中的硒含量,考察了样品相关测定参数。用该法测定鱿鱼中硒含量,加标回收率为93%～112%之间,相对标准偏差为6.56%（n=5）。     

Fractionation of urea-pretreated squid visceral oil ethyl esters

Ethyl esters of squid (Illex argentinus) visceral oil contained 11.8% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 14.9% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The esters were treated with urea to increase the contents of EPA and DHA. The non-urea complexing ethyl esters of squid visceral oil contained 28.2% EPA and 35.6% DHA. This mixture was fractionated by molecular distillation to further increase the EPA or DHA content. The fraction collected in the 110°C distillate had an EPA content of 39.0% with 0.26 g/100 g of cholesterol, while the 130°C distillate contained 65.6% DHA and 0.42 g/100 g of cholesterol. Ethyl esters prepared from visceral oil of squid Ommastrephes bartrami had 4.5% EPA and 12.7% DHA. After urea pretreatment, the EPA and DHA contents were raised to 10.1 and 30.0%, respectively. When this mixture was further fractionated by molecular distillation, 16.9% EPA with 0.35 g/100 g cholesterol was found in the 110°C distillate and 52.6% DHA with 0.70 g/100 g cholesterol was found in the 130°C distillate. Cholesterol in the squid visceral oil ethyl esters was concentrated in the final residue of molecular distillation when the polyunsaturated ethyl esters were enriched by the urea complexation method prior to molecular distillation. For example, the cholesterol content in the ethyl esters from O. bartrami squid visceral oil was 2.28 g/100 g originally. It was enriched to 64.15 g/100 g in the final residue from the molecular distillation.     

微波能对杀虫效果及鱿鱼干品质的影响

通过不同的微波能量（微波功率与作用时间的调整）对苍蝇蛹、卵及幼虫、蝗虫卵进行处理,以研究微波对虫卵的杀灭效果及其对鱿鱼品质的影响。试验结果表明：在微波能量为110J／g以上时,苍蝇蛹、附着在鱿鱼表面的蝇卵及其幼虫、蝗虫卵的死亡率为100％,或当微波加热的温度超过500℃,虫卵的死亡率也达100％。研究同时表明：在同等能量输出的情况下,采用较小的输出功率和较长的作用时间其灭虫效果更好;对于温度的敏感性,幼虫最为敏感,其次是虫卵和蛹。比较微波处理之后的鱿鱼干品质,其感官特点、理化指标及贮藏性能未出现明显的变化或基本没有变化。     

鱿鱼内脏糖蛋白提取工艺及其免疫活性初步研究

本文分析了鱿鱼内脏的一般营养成分;探索了NaCl溶液提取鱿鱼内脏糖蛋白的工艺流程及工艺条件;并初步探讨了鱿鱼内脏糖蛋白对小鼠免疫功能的影响.结果表明:鱿鱼内脏中含有较高的蛋白质;提取的最佳工艺条件是:料液比为1:6、浸提时间为60 min、NaCl浓度为3%、浸提温度为80 ℃;该工艺所提取得糖蛋白具有一定的免疫活性.     

低温贮藏过程中鱿鱼细菌组成的变化及优势腐败菌鉴定

将鱿鱼在0、5、10、15℃有氧贮藏过程中的细菌菌相进行定性和定量分析。研究表明,鱿鱼贮藏初期其细菌组成较复杂,其中91.48%是革兰氏阴性菌,革兰氏阳性菌仅占4.26%,优势菌为气单胞菌(Aeromonas spp.)、浅黄金色单胞菌(Chryseomonas luteola)和假单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas spp.),比例分别为27.66%、23.40%和17.02%。此外,还检测出一定量的洛菲氏不动杆菌(Pantoea agglomerans)、成团泛菌(Acinetobacter lwoffii)。0、5、10、15℃贮藏过程中,细菌菌相逐渐变得单一,假单胞菌上升趋势明显,达到高品质期终点分别为360、239、96、47 h,货架期终点分别为525、286、147、86 h。0、5、10、15℃贮藏较好品质期时,TVBN均值为(17.15±0.29)mg/100g,菌落总数为(5.89±0.40)Lg CFU/g,假单胞菌比例分别为84.09%、72.09%、65.52%和76.36%,平均比例为75.92%;货架期终点时TVBN均值为(30.05±0.92)mg/100 g,菌落总数为(8.33±0.30)Lg CFU/g,假单胞菌比例达到93.24%、90.53%、88.57%和81.95%,平均比例为87.63%。由此得出鱿鱼0~15℃贮藏过程中的优势腐败菌是假单胞菌。