预防HIV传播的药物

药物预防HIV传播是人类战胜HIV的重要手段。现将预防HIV感染药的研发现状，抗HIV药在预防母婴传播，暴露前后预防的研发和应用动态作一综述。     

What are the key elements of a sustainable university?

Nowadays, the principles of sustainable development are becoming increasingly important and universities are acting as agents in promoting these principles within society. In the future, universities will inevitably play crucial role in propagating these principles. This paper highlights important documents and discusses definitions of the term education for sustainable development. Elements, based on continuous feedback loop (Deming spiral) are discussed, in order to incorporate sustainability principles into university activities. The University of Maribor has been used as a case study to test the effectiveness of the proposed integration of sustainable development principles.     

Sexual orientation-related differences in prepulse inhibition of the human startle response.

Prepulse inhibition (PPI) refers to a reduction in the startle response to a strong sensory stimulus when this stimulus is preceded by a weaker stimulus--the prepulse. PPI reflects a nonlearned sensorimotor gating mechanism and also shows a robust gender difference, with women exhibiting lower PPI than men. The present study examined the eyeblink startle responses to acoustic stimuli of 59 healthy heterosexual and homosexual men and women. Homosexual women showed significantly masculinized PPI compared with heterosexual women, whereas no difference was observed in PPI between homosexual and heterosexual men. These data provide the first evidence for within-gender differences in basic sensorimotor gating mechanisms and implicate the known neural substrates of PPI in human sexual orientation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

民族特色词语的英汉互译

语言在其发展演变过程中,逐步具有了鲜明的民族文化色彩。阐述了民族特色词语的可译性,并提出了具体的翻译方法。     

Absence makes the adaptations grow fonder: Proportion of time apart from partner, male sexual psychology, and sperm competition in humans (Homo sapiens).

Sperm competition occurs when the sperm of multiple males concurrently occupy the reproductive tract of a female and compete to fertilize an egg. We used a questionnaire to investigate psychological responses to the risk of sperm competition for 237 men in committed, sexual relationships. As predicted, a man who spends a greater (relative to a man who spends a lesser) proportion of time apart from his partner since the couple's last copulation reported (a) greater sexual interest in his partner, (b) greater distress in response to his partner's sexual rejection, and (c) greater sexual persistence in response to his partner's sexual rejection. All effects were independent of total time since the couple's last copulation and the man's relationship satisfaction. Discussion addresses limitations of the current research and situates the current results within the broader comparative literature on adaptation to sperm competition. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Gold Medal Award for Life Achievement in the Application of Psychology: Edwin A. Fleishman.

The 2004 Gold Medal Award for Life Achievement in the Application of Psychology was awarded to Edwin A. Fleishman, for his significant contributions to the science and applications of psychology, which he has sustained over his remarkable career. He is cited for his research, which has had a profound influence on our understanding of human capabilities, their measurement, their development, and their application in the world of work. Through his many influential leadership roles, as president of the International Association of Applied Psychology and three divisions of the American Psychological Association, and as editor of the Journal of Applied Psychology, he has helped shape our profession. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Research and application of automatic control system of argon blowing at ladle shroud

Argon blowing at the ladle shroud requires the best flow control strategy to effectively avoid the secondary oxidation of molten steel, slag entrapment and heat loss during the casting of the tundish, and at the same time, give full play to the role of bubbles to remove inclusions. Therefore, an automatic control system for argon blowing at the ladle shroud was proposed. The data collected by S7-300PLC and software programming were used to adjust the argon blowing flow online in real time according to factors such as pouring and continuous pouring. On this basis, PID control algorithm and closed loop control mechanism were used for real time adjustment. The flow control valve ensures theminimum deviation between the actual value of the flow and the set value. The production data of this system in the first quarter of 2021 in a special steel plant show that the proportion of furnaces with an acid soluble aluminum (Als) loss percentage of less than 10% of each steel grade has increased by 5.52%, and the proportion of furnaces with an Als loss percentage of more than 60% has increased from 1% decrease to 0. The actual application results show that the use of the system improves the surface quality of the continuous casting slab and the performance of the final product.     

Early impact of a fat-enriched diet on behavioral responses of male and female rats.

Prolonged high-fat diets have been shown to affect an organism's stress responsiveness at the neuroendocrine level. In the present study, the authors used a 7-day protocol of fat administration in adult rats of both sexes to investigate the early behavioral impact of a moderately fat (20%) diet, often used by Western societies, on rats' reaction to acute stress and novelty. Their results show that this diet can reduce the rats' active behavioral responses to subsequent stressors and influence their corticosterone secretion. Fat-fed male rats adopted a less active behavior to cope with forced swimming stress, whereas their exploratory behavior in the open field environment was rather increased compared with chow-fed males. Fat-fed female rats exhibited a less active behavioral response to both stress paradigms compared with their chow-fed counterparts. Fat diet abolished facilitation in corticosterone secretion following a subsequent stressor in both sexes. However, only in males did fat diet exaggerate corticosterone response to novelty, irrespective of the previous stress history of the rat. These data indicate that a short-term metabolic stress can modify the rats' stress coping strategy in interaction with the gender. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

技术·环境·文化

本文以建筑技术的创新,人居环境的改善,地域文化的传承为主题展开论述,提出了理性地把握新技术的应用,选择资源节约型的发展模式以及优秀文化应扎根本土等见解。     

国际乳业的热点论题：蛋白质标准化

介绍了蛋白质的标准化这一国际乳品界正热的研究和讨论题目，综述了蛋白质标准化的必要性和世界上目前采用的方法，展望了膜技术在蛋白质标准化上的应用前景。