人力资本、工作特征与企业科技人才收入满意度的关系——以创新资源获取与培训机会为中介变量

为了考察人力资本和工作特征变量上对科技人才收入满意度的影响,以及资源获取和培训机会的中介作用,本研究选取浙江省11个地区462名企业科技人才作为研究对象,借助SPSS 17.0统计软件,采用多元回归分析方法对假设进行了检验。结果表明:教育程度、工作岗位对创新资源获取有显著的正向影响;工作职务、工作岗位对收入满意度有显著的影响;创新资源获取在工作岗位对收入满意度的影响中起部分中介作用;培训机会在工作职务对收入满意度的影响中起部分中介作用,培训机会在工作岗位对收入满意度的影响中起完全中介作用。针对得出的结论,本研究给出了解释,同时指出了研究的不足。     

Adaptation and learning in control of voluntary movement by the central nervous system

In order to control voluntary movements, the central nervous system must solve the following three computational problems at different levels: (1) the determination of a desired trajectory in visual coordinates; (2) the transformation of its coordinates into body coordinates; and (3) the generation of motor command. Concerning these problems, relevant experimental observations obtained in the field of neuroscience are briefly reviewed. On the basis of physiological information and previous models, we propose computational theories and a neural network model which account for these three problems. (1) A minimum torque-change model which predicts a wide range of trajectories in human multi-joint arm movements is proposed as a computational model for trajectory formation. (2) An iterative learning scheme is presented as an algorithm which solves the coordinate transformation and the control problem simultaneously. This algorithm can be regarded as a Newton-like method in function spaces. (3) A neural network model for generation of motor command is proposed. This model contains internal neural models of the motor system and its inverse system. The inverse-dynamics model is acquired by heterosynaptic plasticity using a feedback motor command (torque) as an error signal. The hierarchical arrangement of these neural networks and their global control are discussed. Their applications to robotics are also discussed.     

太湖西苕溪流域环境流量评价分析

针对丰水地区河道外取水量过多与河道内污染严重的现状,环境流量研究可为其水环境的改善和资源优化配置提供更加直接有效的支持。区别于生态需水量等侧重研究自然状态下流域植被、土壤、河道内生物以及降雨径流的过程研究,本文从人类活动强烈干扰下的河流健康角度出发,以水量丰富的太湖西苕溪流域为例,采用客观熵权法赋多指标权重对综合水质标识指数法进行合理性修正,并将水资源利用率和回污系数引入水量计算,定量分析东部地区环境流量的"质"与"量"。结果表明:除浒溪和西苕溪干流外,西溪、南溪和龙王溪的环境流量均达标。而基于熵权求权法修正后的水质评价使得西溪的评价结果从不达标转为达标,说明水质作为环境流量综合评价中的优先级限制因素,对应选取的主要污染因子指标权重大小对评价结果是否达标起到决定性作用。修正后的评价方法有效避免了最差因子对结果产生的越级性影响,为探讨水质水量条件组合下丰水地区环境流量评价提供新思路。     

TSP问题的脂肪计算复杂性与启发式算法设计

旅行商问题(traveling salesman problem,简称TSP)是经典的NP-难解组合优化问题之一,求解它的高效启发式算法一直是计算机科学研究的热点.脂肪作为描述TSP结构特征的新工具,对启发式算法设计具有重要意义.目前,TSP问题的脂肪研究还处于初始阶段,缺乏理论分析结果及相关的启发式算法.首先分析了TSP问题的脂肪计算复杂性,通过构造偏移实例的技巧,证明了获取TSP的脂肪是NP-难解的,即在P(NP的假设下,不存在算法可以在多项式时间内获得完整脂肪.在此基础上,通过分析TSP问题局部最优解与脂肪的关系,给出了求解TSP问题的元启发式算法--动态候选集搜索(dynamic candidate set search,简称DCSS)算法.利用该算法,改进了目前求解TSP问题最好算法之一的LKH.TSPLIB典型实例的实验结果表明,改进后的算法在解的质量上有较为明显的提高.新的基于脂肪的启发式算法对于求解其他NP-难解问题具有一定的参考价值.     

Selenium levels in cows fed pasture and concentrates or a total mixed ration and supplemented with selenized yeast to produce milk with supra-nutritional selenium concentrations

Seventy multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows were fed different amounts of pasture and concentrates, or a total mixed ration (TMR), for 42 d in mid-lactation to test the hypothesis that the concentration of Se in milk would depend on the amount of Se consumed, when the Se is primarily organic in nature, regardless of the diet of the cows. Of the 70 cows, 60 grazed irrigated perennial pasture at daily allowances of either 20 or 40 kg of dry matter (DM)/cow. These cows received 1 of 3 amounts of concentrates, either 1, 3, or 6 kg of DM/cow per day of pellets, and at each level of concentrate feeding, the pellets were formulated to provide 1 of 2 quantities of Se from Se yeast, either about 16 or 32 mg of Se/d. The other 10 cows were included in 2 additional treatments where a TMR diet was supplemented with 1 kg of DM/d of pellets formulated to include 1 of the 2 quantities of supplemental Se. Total Se intakes ranged from 14.5 to 35.9 mg/d, and of this, the Se-enriched pellets provided 93, 91, and 72% of the Se for cows allocated 20 and 40 kg of pasture DM/d or the TMR, respectively. No effects of the amount of Se consumed on any milk production variable, or on somatic cell count, body weight, and body condition score, for either the pasture-fed or TMR-fed cows were found. Milk Se concentrations responded quickly to the commencement of Se supplementation, reaching 89% of steady state levels at d 5. When milk Se concentrations were at steady state (d 12 to 40), each 1 mg of Se eaten increased the Se concentration of milk by 5.0 μg/kg (R² = 0.97), and this response did not seem to be affected by the diet of the cows or their milk production. The concentration of Se in whole blood was more variable than that in milk, and took much longer to respond to change in Se status, but it was not affected by diet at any time either. For the on-farm production of Se-enriched milk, it is important to be able to predict milk Se concentration from Se input. In our study, type of diet did not affect this relationship.     

虚拟校园漫游与实时可视化研究

将虚拟现实技术和人机工程相结合,基于Crystal Space 3D平台实现虚拟校园系统。该系统由数据和软件两部分组成,数据部分包括多媒体数据和三维模型数据。在建模阶段引入面向对象思想并大量使用纹理,降低了三维模型的复杂度。同时,使用XML描述导出后的模型,使模型数据更容易被读取和解析。软件部分支持多种输入硬件、支持不同的漫游方式和对虚拟校园中指定地点的查询及自动寻路,并配以介绍学校文化的背景音乐,使整个虚拟系统在突出虚拟现实交互性、沉浸性等独有特性的同时,最大限度考虑“人”的使用因素,提供多样的使用方法和舒适的使用环境等人机工程特性,使系统的实用性更强。     

人力资源信息管理网站的设计

在对先进的人力资源管理技术进行分析的基础上,利用先进的计算机技术,采用B/S架构,开发人力资源管理信息系统网站,实现人力资源网站的构建,并对利用IE浏览器进行人力资源管理的功能模块和一些关键技术做了较详细的阐述.     

1H-spectroscopic imaging with read gradient during acquisition in inhomogeneous fields: analysis, measurement strategy, and data processing

The proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging techniques that use read gradient during acquisition produce proton spectra with high spatial and moderately high spectroscopic resolution in a reasonable time forin vivo applications. These techniques suffer mainly from the spatial and pectral distortions caused by the convolution of spectral/spatial information (chemical-shift artifacts) and from the spectral shifts caused by static magnetic field inhomogeneities. The investigators analyze the chemical-shift artifacts in the presence of nonnegligible static magnetic field inhomogeneities and propose a postdetection processing scheme to correct for such effects. Spectral artifacts caused by chemical shifts, spectral line overlapping, streak broadening, and magnetic field inhomogeneities are discussed. The postdetection data processing scheme is demonstrated on measurements of a phantom as well as a human leg. Supported by the Swedish Medical Research Council, project B-96-17x-006676-14A, and by Uppsala University are gratefully acknowledged. One of us (J.W.) is indebted to the Institute of Measurement Science, Slovak Academy of Sciences, for continuous support, VEGA Grant No. 95/5305/585,468 & 2/1207/96     

豆奶稳定性的探讨

主要研究了原材料,加工工艺,乳化剂及稳定剂对豆奶稳定性的影响。