Polyoxazoline associated with cardanol for bio‐based linear alkyl benzene surfactants

Well‐defined linear alkyl benzene surfactants (COx_n) were successfully synthesized using cardanol as a green phenolic alternative and initiator for polyoxazoline (POx), the hydrophilic block of nonionic surfactants. Various hydrophilic lipophilic balance values were investigated by varying the POx length according to the [monomer]/[initiator] ratio. The chemical structure of the surfactants, in particular the terminal groups, was well identified by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry demonstrating the good progress of the cationic ring‐opening polymerization. The COx_n surfactants spontaneously self‐assembled in water at a critical aggregation concentration of 1–2 µmol L^?1 into nano‐objects characterized by a hydrodynamic diameter of 11–24 nm and a number of aggregations ranging from 30 to 60 according to the worm‐like micelle model. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry     

A comparative study on the performance of different advanced oxidation processes (UV/O3/H2O2) treating linear alkyl benzene (LAB) production plant's wastewater

A detailed investigation on photooxidation of linear alkyl benzene (LAB) industrial wastewater is presented in this study. The process analysis was performed by varying four significant independent variables including two numerical factors (initial pH (3–11) and initial H₂O₂ concentration (0–20 mM)) and two categorical factors (UV irradiation and ozonation). The experiments were conducted based on a central composite design (CCD) and analyzed using response surface methodology (RSM). To assess the process performance, two parameters viz. TCOD removal efficiency and BOD₅/COD were measured throughout the experiments. A maximum reduction in TCOD was 58, 53, 51, and 49%, respectively for UV/H₂O₂/O₃, H₂O₂/O₃, UV/O₃ and UV/H₂O₂ processes at the optimum conditions (initial pH of 7, initial H₂O₂ concentration of 100 mM, and reaction time of 180 min). A considerable increase in BOD₅/COD ratio was obtained in the combined processes (0.46, 0.51, 0.53, and 0.55 for UV/H₂O₂, UV/O₃, H₂O₂/O₃ and UV/H₂O₂/O₃, respectively) compared to the single oxidant process (0.35). The results showed that mineralization of the LAB industrial wastewater in neutral pH is more favored than in acidic and basic pH. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was applied to show the fate of organic compounds. In conclusion, the photooxidation process (UV/H₂O₂/O₃, H₂O₂/O₃, UV/O₃ and UV/H₂O₂) could be an appropriate pretreatment method prior to a biological treatment process.     

烷基苯SO3磺化工艺改进

在采用烷基苯SO3磺化工艺制造烷基苯磺酸过程中,许多装置会遇到含量、色泽不稳定的问题。通过对某合成洗涤剂厂烷基苯SO3磺化设备、工艺等因素的研究分析,对生产工艺进行了系统改进,烷基苯磺酸含量稳定在96%以上,色泽稳定在30klett以下。     

融合对比度和分布性的图像显著性区域检测

单独基于对比度的显著性检测方法由于忽略了特征的空间分布,且只在RGB空间或LAB空间下单独进行计算,故实验结果不理想。本文提出了结合RGB和LAB两种特征空间并融合了对比度和分布性的图像显著性区域检测算法。该算法首先提取图像分块在RGB空间和LAB空间下的原始特征并进行组合,在主成分分析（PCA）降维的基础上自动选择有效特征;然后计算图像分块的对比度和分布性,融合对比度特征和分布性特征实现对原始图像的显著性区域提取。实验结果显示,本文算法的平均准确率为0.821 7,平均召回率为0.692 5,综合指标F值达0.787 8。计算的显著性区域的效果比在RGB空间或LAB空间下单独基于对比度的计算方法有明显改善,相比其他检测方法更加准确,符合人眼的观测结果,均匀突出了显著性区域。     

Probiotic spectra of lactic acid bacteria (LAB)

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and their probio-active cellular substances exert many beneficial effects in the gastrointestinal tract. LAB prevent adherence, establishment, and replication of several enteric mucosal pathogens through several antimicrobial mechanisms. LAB also release various enzymes into the intestinal lumen and exert potential synergistic effects on digestion and alleviate symptoms of intestinal malabsoption. Consumption of LAB fermented dairy products with LAB may elicit antitumor effects. These effects are attributed to the inhibition of mutagenic activity; decrease in several enzymes implicated in the generation of carcinogens, mutagens, or tumor-promoting agents; suppression of tumors; and the epidemiology correlating dietary regimes and cancer. Specific cellular components in LAB strains seem to induce strong adjuvant effects including modulation of cell-mediated immune responses, activation of reticuloendothelial system, augmentation of cytokine pathways and regulation of interleukins, and tumor necrosis factors. Oral administration of LAB is well tolerated and proven to be safe in 143 human clinical trials and no adverse effects were reported in any of the total 7,526 subjects studied during 1961-1998. In an effort to decrease the reliance on synthetic antimicrobials and control the emerging immunocompromised host population, the time has come to carefully explore the prophylactic and therapeutic applications of probiotic LAB.     

基于RT-LAB的柔性直流配电保护系统的硬件在环测试

基于PSCAD/EMTDC等纯数字仿真软件对柔性直流配电保护系统进行的研究不能真实模拟保护装置的响应特性、也不便于保护方案的开发和扩展。鉴于此,通过实时数字仿真器RT-LAB以及保护装置的无缝连接,在国内首次搭建出基于深圳典型四端柔性直流配电网的硬件在环测试平台。该平台采用独有的e HS技术解决了实时模拟高频直流变压器的难题,可显著提升测试的时效性和实用性,具有较高的置信度。利用该平台对柔性直流配电网的三种典型故障进行了硬件在环故障测试,验证了所配置保护策略的性能。结果表明:所配置的保护方案功能全、性能好,在故障时动作准确可靠,无死区;实验结果可以直接应用到一次动模实验中,可为柔性直流配电工程的建设研究提供参考。     

一种基于LAB色空间拓扑剖分影射的颜色恒常性模型

 本文针对人体肤色和黏膜颜色特点,建立一种室内自然光条件下的医学真彩图像采集分析的颜色恒常性模型.在LAB均匀色度空间中,对一维L*空间进行线性影射,二维a*b*空间进行三角剖分影射和还原,建立了一种拓扑剖分影射TRM模型.通过对SG色标中13个肤色色标进行的校正还原,结果显示,TRM模型还原的颜色色差明显减小,离散度小,性能稳定.     

Lead-acid and lithium-ion batteries for the Chinese electric bike market and implications on future technology advancement

China has been experiencing a rapid increase in battery-powered personal transportation since the late 1990s due to the strong growth of the electric bike and scooter (i.e. e-bike) market. Annual sales in China reached 17 million bikes year⁻¹ in 2006. E-bike growth has been in part due to improvements in rechargeable valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) battery technology, the primary battery type for e-bikes. Further improvements in technology and a transition from VRLA to lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries will impact the future market growth of this transportation mode in China and abroad.     

乳酸菌胞外多糖的生理功能及其在食品中的应用

本文概述了乳酸菌胞外多糖的生理功能、生理活性的研究现状，介绍了乳酸菌胞外多糖在酸奶、干酪等产品上的应用及最新研究进展，展望了乳酸菌胞外多糖的研究开发前景和方向。     

乳酸菌胞外多糖增强小鼠免疫功能的研究

研究乳酸菌胞外多糖在增强小鼠免疫功能方面的作用。将200 只昆明种小鼠(雌雄各半)随机分为5 组,分别灌喂生理盐水及高、低剂量的乳酸菌胞外多糖纯多糖和粗多糖15d,测定小鼠的细胞免疫、体液免疫及单核- 巨噬细胞的吞噬能力。结果表明,与NS 组相比,多糖组可以显著提高小鼠脾脏、胸腺的重量,提高小鼠单核- 吞噬细胞碳廓清的能力,降低小鼠的血清溶血值;粗多糖高剂量组可以使小鼠足跖肿胀度明显增加;纯多糖高剂量组和粗多糖高剂量组可以显著地提高T 淋巴细胞的增殖(p ＜ 0.05 或 p ＜ 0.01)。因此,乳酸菌胞外多糖具有增强小鼠免疫力的功能。