低场核磁共振技术检测煎炸油品质

应用低场核磁共振技术对无对象煎炸大豆油油样进行检测,通过对多组分T2弛豫图谱以及峰面积比例S21和单组份弛豫时间T2w分析,煎炸4h后图谱中10ms左右出现明显特征小峰,且S21和T2w与煎炸时间、酸价、黏度、吸光度和极性组分含量呈现良好的规律性,相关系数在0.941～0.997之间,说明可以利用低场核磁共振检测的S21和T2W有效反映煎炸油的品质变化。但与过氧化值之间无明显规律性。结果可为后期煎炸油的低场核磁共振技术快速检测提供基础。     

低场核磁共振技术快速检测鲜乳水分方法研究

运用低场核磁共振技术研究鲜乳变质过程中水分的变化规律,选取反转恢复脉冲序列和Carr-Purcell-
Meiboom-Gill序列测定鲜乳样品在不同贮藏时间的弛豫参数,根据纵向弛豫时间T1、横向弛豫时间T2观测样品的水
分含量,并通过T2反演数据的拟合结果得出自由水和结合水的变化趋势。研究表明,随着贮藏时间的延长直至鲜乳
变质腐败,鲜乳中的总水分先减少后增加,其中自由水减少,结合水先减少后增加。结果表明,低场核磁共振技术
可用于快速、有效地判定鲜乳的新鲜程度,并有助于在鲜乳贮运过程中品质的实时监控。     

基于LF-NMR弛豫特性的煎炸油总极性化合物含量定量建模方法

将低场核磁共振（low field nuclear magnetic resonance,LF-NMR）分析技术应用于煎炸油脂总极性化合物（total polar compounds,TPC）含量的预测。采用柱层析方法测定油脂样品的TPC含量作为测定值,采集油脂样品的LF-NMR弛豫特性（峰起始时间T21、T22、T23相应的峰面积比例S21、S22、S23、单组分弛豫时间T2W）,分别利用向后筛选多元回归分析、主成分回归分析和偏最小二乘回归分析建立LF-NMR弛豫特性与TPC含量的回归方程,比较3 种模型的校正集和预测集的决定系数与均方根误差,最终确定最优模型为偏最小二乘回归模型。应用此模型预测预测集样品TPC含量,决定系数R2可达0.928,预测集均方根误差为0.568%,模型稳定。     

Effect of Different Processing Methods and Salt Content on the Physicochemical and Rheological Properties of Meat Batters

The physicochemical and rheological properties of raw and cooked batters produced by a chopping or beating process with various amounts of salt content were studied. Various meat batters were made up for this purpose: the batter processed by chopping with 2% salt, by beating with 1% salt and 2% salt, respectively. Compared with the chopping, the beating cooked batters had higher L* value, hardness, G’ value at 80°C, and lower cooking loss. Using the beating process, the batter with 1% salt had lower L* values, hardness, springiness, and higher cooking loss than the 2% salt. From the micrographs, the batters produced by beating process exhibited more uniform and compact microstructure than the chopping. The result of low-field nuclear magnetic resonance exhibited that the batters of beating had higher water holding capacity than the chopping. Overall, the beating process enabled lowering of the salt content, cooking loss, and making the cooked batter more hard and elastic.     

Moisture conversion and migration in single-wheat kernel during isothermal drying process by LF-NMR

Conversion among different moisture-binding types of single Hebei wheat kernels during isothermal drying processing at 60?°C was studied by low field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR), and moisture migration was studied by MRI. Water inside wheat kernels exists in four types: chemically combined water (T₂₁), strong bound water (T₂₂), loosely bound water (T₂₃), and free water (T₂₄). A new method to obtain the contents of different moisture-binding types is forwarded according to the transverse relaxation time distribution curve of dried wheat kernels. Moisture conversion inside wheat kernels during drying occurs mainly through the following mechanisms: high-temperature drives T₂₄ to diffuse to lower moisture areas and transform into other moisture-binding types, and moisture-gradient drives T₂₂ to transform into T₂₄. The drying process can be divided into two stages. Moisture migrates from endosperm to epidermis during drying. As the drying rate of the wheat kernel significantly decreases, the drying conditions and parameters need to be adjusted to improve the drying rate while ensuring the quality of wheat kernels.     

厚度控制对怀山药远红外干燥过程中水分迁移的影响

采用远红外干燥设备对鲜怀山药片进行脱水处理,应用低场核磁共振波谱分析和成像分析技术,测定怀山药片干燥过程中的水分状态,综合干燥曲线、干燥速率规律,分析不同切片厚度（4,8,12 mm）的怀山药在干燥过程中的水分扩散特性,并建立薄层干燥模型。结果表明：干燥过程中干燥速率呈现短暂的快速上升后逐渐下降的趋势,4 mm的怀山药达到干燥条件所需时间较8,12 mm的分别短36.33%,53.33%;3种状态水分T₂峰面积减小且峰向左移动,干燥过程中自由水耗尽,干燥终点怀山药内部水分主要为结合水（87%）与少量弱结合水（13%）;怀山药内部水分存在密度梯度,从高密度向低密度方向迁移,适当减小怀山药厚度可促进H⁺质子密度下降,提高干燥效率;Page模型拟合效果较好（R²＞0.9）,能很好地表征和预测怀山药远红外干燥过程。     

低场核磁共振技术在火炸药老化性能评估中的应用

低场核磁共振(Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance,LF-NMR)技术具有快速、无损、连续、精确等优点,近年来在火炸药基体的交联密度测定、固化过程监测及老化性能评估领域受到了关注。介绍了低场核磁共振的基本原理,归纳了低场核磁共振技术在复合固体推进剂固化监测、复合固体推进剂和浇注PBX炸药交联老化评定、新型云爆剂老化特性评估等方面的应用状况,提出了应进一步深入开展LF-NMR在火炸药老化性能监测方面的研究,解决不同种类~1H弛豫特性的分类监测、弛豫特征参量与力学性能关键参量的相关性方程建立等重点问题,加强低场核磁共振中的弛豫特性关键参量——横向弛豫时间T_2在火炸药老化性能评估中的应用。     

Differences between constant and intermittent drying in surf clam: Dynamics of water mobility and distribution study

Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) has been increasingly popular as analytical tools for evaluating the dynamics of water mobility and distribution. In this study, dynamics of moisture mobility and constitution of surf clam during constant drying process and intermittent drying process were evaluated by LF-NMR, while the differences of physical and chemical indexes were measured. Intermittent drying improved the product quality of clam, such as moisture content, shear force, color indices, sugar content, peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid value, and the bulk water ratio, which were closely related with moisture distribution and microstructure. The moisture constitution of constant drying process and intermittent drying process were distinctly different. Tempering process reduced drying time and resulted in lower moisture content in dried surf clam. In the meanwhile, the boundary between A₂₁ and A₂₂ was acquired by LF-NMR, revealed that bound water and immobilized water transformed from each other. During tempering process, the myofibril stretched out, verifying that moisture approached a relatively homogeneous. In addition, R² value reached 0.9897 and 0.9926 for calibration and validation, respectively, displaying good linear correlations between the T₂₁ parameters and moisture content. This study interpreted the dynamics of water mobility and distribution on the proton level to explain the reason that tempering processes to improve physicochemical indexes of surf clam.