植物乳杆菌在不同基质中转化生成共轭亚油酸的研究

将具有转化亚油酸能力的植物乳杆菌ZS2058分别接入脱脂奶、豆奶和番茄汁中,分别考察了亚油酸的添加量、亚油酸的添加方式和预培养对植物乳杆菌生长和转化亚油酸的能力的影响.结果表明,在脱脂奶中植物乳杆菌转化能力最强,在脱脂奶中该菌能将1 mg/mL亚油酸转化成152.05μg/mL共轭亚油酸.     

番茄灰霉病拮抗细菌 R26抗菌物质产生条件的研究

拮抗细菌R26菌株的代谢产物对番茄灰霉病菌等多种植物病原真菌有较好的抑制作用。本试验研究结果表明，在含麦芽糖20g，牛肉浸膏8g，酵母浸膏5g的1000mL液体培养基中，最有利于其抗菌物质的产生；当温度为32℃，pH值为7，在250mL三角瓶中装20mL液体培养基，接种量为30％(v／v)时，R26菌株产生的抗菌物质抑菌活性最高。培养液中抗菌物质活性随着培养时间的延长而增加。培养36h达到最高。     

硫酸盐还原菌利用玉米发酵液为碳源还原地下水中的硫酸盐

将玉米发酵液作为微生物硫酸盐还原体系的碳源,可大幅降低还原成本,对实现硫酸盐废水经济、高效处理具有重要意义。探究了复合碳源比例、碳硫比(C/S)和pH等对硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)还原硫酸盐的影响。结果表明：在初始SO₄^2-浓度为(1 000±50)mg/L时,5种复合碳源比例均能获得较好的硫酸盐还原效果,剩余SO₄^2-浓度均小于地下水质量标准Ⅳ类水质350 mg/L要求;当初始C/S=0～3.5时,随C/S比升高,SRB的硫酸盐还原速率增加,但碳源的硫酸盐还原利用效率下降;在初始pH接近7.0时SRB硫酸盐还原活性最佳。反应体系pH和ORP值的变化可准确指示细菌活性变化。     

比较基因组揭示广西酸菜乳杆菌碳水化合物活性酶谱

微生物中的碳水化合物活性酶(carbohydrate active enzymes,CAZymes)具有降解植物组织的作用,相对于真菌,目前对于乳杆菌的CAZymes研究还比较少.该研究从广西酸菜中筛选获得了3株产CAZymes的乳杆菌,并通过二代测序技术比较其编码基因.16S rRNA测序结果表明3株乳杆菌分别是La...     

基于高含油废水降解的产脂肪酶菌株的 筛选及发酵工艺优化

为了筛选高产脂肪酶菌株并探究其对高含油废水的降解能力,采用传统的微生物筛选法从餐厨废水中分离筛选菌株,考察菌株对高含油废水（油脂含量20 g/L）的油脂降解率和产脂肪酶酶活,并对产脂肪酶酶活较高的菌株进行鉴定。采用单因素实验和响应面实验对鉴定菌株发酵产脂肪酶的工艺条件进行优化。结果表明：从餐厨废水中筛选出3株细菌、2株酵母菌,其中2株细菌可在高含油废水中快速生长代谢,油脂降解率和产脂肪酶酶活均较高,经鉴定1株为解淀粉芽孢杆菌（Bi）,1株为鲁氏不动杆菌（Bu）;Bi产脂肪酶最优发酵工艺条件为pH 6.69、氯化钠含量301 g/L、蛋白胨含量6.01 g/L;Bu产脂肪酶最优发酵工艺条件为pH 5.07、氯化钠含量6.10 g/L、蛋白胨含量9.38 g/L;在最优发酵工艺条件下,Bi和Bu产脂肪酶酶活分别为（222.83±0.91）U/mL和（231.50±2.28）U/mL,优化后的Bu产脂肪酶酶活甚至高于初始脂肪酶酶活更高的Bi。综上,2株细菌具有高含油废水降解能力,具备广阔的应用前景。     

Constipation Mitigation by Rhubarb Extract in Middle-Aged Adults Is Linked to Gut Microbiome Modulation: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial

Gut microbiota alterations are intimately linked to chronic constipation upon aging. We investigated the role of targeted changes in the gut microbiota composition in the relief of constipation symptoms after rhubarb extract (RE) supplementation in middle-aged volunteers. Subjects (95% women, average 58 years old) were randomized to three groups treated with RE at two different doses determined by its content of rhein (supplementation of 12.5 mg and 25 mg per day) vs. placebo (maltodextrin) for 30 days. We demonstrated that daily oral supplementation of RE for 30 days was safe even at the higher dose. Stool frequency and consistency, and perceived change in transit problem, transit speed and difficulty in evacuating, investigated by validated questionnaires, were improved in both groups of RE-treated volunteers compared to placebo. Higher abundance of Lachnospiraceae (mainly Roseburia and Agathobacter) only occurred after RE treatment when present at low levels at baseline, whereas an opposite shift in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels was observed in both RE-treated groups (increase) and placebo (decrease). Fecal Lachnospiraceae and SCFA were positively correlated with stool consistency. This study demonstrates that RE supplementation promotes butyrate-producing bacteria and SCFA, an effect that could contribute to relieving chronic constipation in middle-aged persons.     

Insect Gut Bacteria Promoting the Growth of Tomato Plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Simple SummaryA new sources of plant growth-promoting (PGP) bacteria are needed to increase the agricultural crops without increasing the usage of chemicals. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that insect-gut bacteria promote tomato plant growth. The insect gut bacteria were screened for the presence of PGP traits. The plants treated with bacterial consortium showed a significant increase in fruit yield, in both number of fruits (+41%) and weight of fruits (+44%). Our results showed that: (i) D. virgifera gut’s bacteria significantly promote the growth of tomato plants, and (ii) bacteria other than plant-related can be considered as PGP. It must be underlined that even though the insect gut bacteria were proven to stimulate the plant’s growth, their practical usage must be preceded by an examination of their influence on ecological and biological safety.AbstractWe investigated gut bacteria from three insect species for the presence of plant growth properties (PGP). Out of 146 bacterial strains obtained from 20 adult specimens of Scolytidae sp., 50 specimens of Oulema melanopus, and 150 specimens of Diabrotica virgifera, we selected 11 strains displaying the following: PGP, phosphate solubility, production of cellulase, siderophore, lipase, protease, and hydrogen cyanide. The strains were tested for growth promotion ability on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) plants. Each strain was tested individually, and all strains were tested together as a bacterial consortium. Tomato fruit yield was compared with the negative control. The plants treated with bacterial consortium showed a significant increase in fruit yield, in both number of fruits (+41%) and weight of fruits (+44%). The second highest yield was obtained for treatment with Serratia liquefaciens Dv032 strain, where the number and weight of yielded fruits increased by 35% and 30%, respectively. All selected 11 strains were obtained from Western Corn Rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera. The consortium comprised: Ewingella americana, Lactococcus garvieae, L. lactis, Pseudomonas putida, Serratia liquefaciens, and S. plymuthica. To our knowledge, this is the first successful application of D. virgifera gut bacteria for tomato plant growth stimulation that has been described.     

Neutrophil N1 and N2 Subsets and Their Possible Association with Periodontitis: A Scoping Review

Periodontitis is a chronic non-communicable disease caused by dysbiotic changes that affect the subgingival microbiota. During periodontitis, neutrophils play a central role in the initial recognition of bacteria, and their number increases with the appearance of the first signs of periodontal inflammation. Recent evidence has led to the proposition that neutrophils can also functionally polarize, determining selective activity patterns related to different diseases. Two well-defined neutrophil phenotypes have been described, the pro-inflammatory N1 subset and the suppressor N2 subset. To date, it has not been established whether these different neutrophil subtypes play a role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Thus, this scoping review aimed to determine whether there was evidence to suggest that the neutrophils present in periodontal tissues can be associated with certain phenotypes. The research question, population, concept, and context sought to identify original articles, in humans, that detected the presence of neutrophils in the periodontal tissues of people affected by periodontitis. Based on the search strategy, we found 3658 studies. After removing the papers with abstracts not related to the outcome measures and eligibility criteria, 16 articles were included for qualitative analysis. Several studies identified the presence of different neutrophil subsets, specifically, the naive, pro- and para-inflammatory, hyper-reactive and hyper-active, and high- and low-responder phenotypes. The existing evidence demonstrates the presence of pro-inflammatory, hyper-reactive and high-responder neutrophils in periodontal tissues affected with periodontitis. There is no evidence demonstrating the presence of the N1 or N2 phenotypes in periodontal tissues during periodontitis. However, the existence of pro-inflammatory phenotypes, which increase NETosis and degranulation, and increase the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, could be suggestive of the N1 phenotypes.     

Lactobacillus sakei MJM60958 as a Potential Probiotic Alleviated Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet by Modulating Lipid Metabolism,Inflammation, and Gut Microbiota

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disease with a rapidly increasing number of cases worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus sakei MJM60958 (MJM60958) on NAFLD in vitro and in vivo. In in vitro tests, MJM60958 significantly inhibited lipid accumulation by 46.79% in HepG2 cells stimulated with oleic acid and cholesterol (OA-C). Moreover, MJM60958 showed safe and probiotic characteristics in vitro. In the animal study, MJM60958 administration in a high-fat diet-induced NAFLD mouse model significantly reduced body weight and liver weight, and controlled aspartate aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), triglyceride (TG), urea nitrogen (BUN), and uric acid (UA) levels in the blood, which are features of NAFLD. Further, treatment with MJM60958 also reduced steatosis scores in liver tissues, serum leptin and interleukin, and increased serum adiponectin content. Moreover, administration of MJM60958 resulted in a significantly decreased expression of some genes and proteins which are related to lipid accumulation, such as fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), and also upregulated genes and protein expression of lipid oxidation such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (CPT1A). Administration of MJM60958 increased the relative abundance of specific microbial taxa such as Verrucomicrobia, which are abundant in non-NAFLD mice, and reduced Firmicutes, which are a major group in NAFLD mice. MJM60958 affected the modulation of gut microbiota and altered the strain profile of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production in the cecum by reduced lactic acid and enhanced acetic acid production. Overall, MJM60958 showed potential as a probiotic that can prevent and treat NAFLD.     

氧化亚铁硫杆菌的筛选及其特性研究

从广东云浮一硫铁矿的酸性废水中分离出一株氧化亚铁硫杆菌,对其菌落形态和细胞形态进行了初步的探讨,研究了温度、初始pH、Fe2+初始浓度、接种量对细菌氧化Fe2+的影响。试验结果表明,该菌在pH=2 0、温度30～35℃活性最强,同时加大接种量也可以缩短细菌的迟缓期,培养基中过高的Fe2+浓度对该菌生长起抑制作用。